Iindlela ezi-3 zokuxelela ukuba yeyiphi iVagus Nerve Fibers eziKhuthazwayo

UKevin Tracey nguvulindlela wophando lwe-vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Ukusukela kwii-2000s zakuqala, iqela lakhe eThe Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research beliphanda ngokungqongqo unyango lwe-VNS bioelectronic. Ngo-2014, INew York Times Ngaba wenza ibali elibalulekileyo, "Ngaba iNkqubo yeNervous ingaGqogqwa?" malunga noTracey kunye nembali yakhe yamashumi eminyaka yokufumana ukutshintsha kwe-vagus nerve.

Kule minyaka, ndinike ingxelo ngeziphumo ezahlukeneyo ezivela kumaziko kaFeinstein. Umzekelo, kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ndibhale iposti, "I-Vagus Nerve Stimulation Iyanciphisa Ngokukodwa Ukuvuvukala," malunga nophando (Koopman et al., 2016) efumanise ukuba i-VNS inqanda imveliso ye-cytokine kwaye inciphise ubukrakra be-rheumatoid arthritis. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ndaye ndanikela ingxelo ngeziphumo (iAddorisio et al., 2019) ngamanye amalungu eqela likaTracey afumanisa ukuba ukuvuselela okungasebenziyo kwethambo le-vagus ngendlebe engaphandle kunciphisa iimpendulo ezivuthayo. (Ngakumbi kwi-VNS enqamlezileyo jonga "Ukukhuthazwa kwemithambo-luvo yeVagus ngeNdawo yokuThatha indlebe engaphandle")

Kwimeko yemihla ngemihla, i-vagus nerve ibizwa ngokuba sisinye; Nangona kunjalo, ngaphakathi kwamasebe ahlukeneyo e-vagus nerve, kukho iifayibha ezikhethekileyo (umzekelo, "A," "B," kunye no "C" imicu yelungu lobufazi) apho nganye ifumana iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

Kule veki, uTracey kunye neqela lakhe babhengeze ukuba basandula ukuvelisa indlela engavakaliyo yokuxela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba yeyiphi na imicu ye-vagus nerve evuselelweyo ngexesha le-VNS ngokubeka iliso kwimakethi yomzimba eyahlukileyo kwiigundane zebhu. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo (Chang et al., 2020) zivela ku-Novemba-Disemba ka-Novemba Ukukhuthaza ubuchopho .

Kolu phononongo, umbhali omkhulu uStavros Zanos kunye noogxa bakhe balawule i-VNS ekhethekileyo kwiigundane ngelixa bejonga ngononophelo indlela yokukhuthaza i-A, B, kunye no-C kwimicu yelungu lobufazi echaphazela ukuphefumla, ukubetha kwentliziyo, kunye nezihlunu zentamo. IZanos et al. ifumanise ukuba i-A-fiber yokuvuselela ubufazi ekuvuseleleni izihlunu kwingingqi yentamo; Ukukhuthaza i-B-fiber ikakhulu kubangele ukuhla kwempendulo yenqanaba lentliziyo; Ukuvuselelwa kwe-C-fiber kubangele ukuba amathuba okuphefumla atshintshe.

Nangona olu phando lwenziwe kusetyenziswa imodeli yezilwanyana, abaphandi baceba ukuphanda ukuba ngaba ukumakisha okufanayo kungabekwa esweni ukuze kulungiswe kakuhle kwaye kulungelelaniswe i-VNS ebantwini. "Ezi modeli, emva kokulinganiswa ebantwini, zinokubonelela [ngo] kuqikelelo olungafunekiyo lokuzibandakanya kwefayibha ukukhokela unyango lweVNS kunye nokujonga," utshilo ababhali. Kwiphepha labo lokufikelela ngokuvulekileyo, banika iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezi ziphumo:

’Iimpendulo zomzimba ezisetyenziswa kwiimodeli zethu zonke zichaziwe kwizifundo ze-VNS zabantu, nangona ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kwahluka ngokwamanani. Uqikelelo lwe-A-fiber lunokusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iziphumo zesiza esingaphandle kwesiza se-VNS njengokutshintsha kwelizwi, ukukhohlela kunye ne-paresthesia. Uqikelelo lwe-B-fiber ukubandakanyeka yi-VNS inokuqhuba ngokunyusa iiparadigms zokunyanga ukusilela kwentliziyo okanye i-arrhythmias yentliziyo. Uqikelelo lokuzibandakanya kwe-C-fiber kunokusetyenziswa njengesalathiso sonyango kwizicelo ezichaseneyo ne-VNS.’

"Ukulinganisa iiparameter zokukhuthaza, ujolise kwimicu ethile kwizigulana ezizodwa kwaye uqonde ngcono iziphumo ezinazo i-VNS emzimbeni, kufuneka sikwazi ukukroba kwimisebenzi ye-vagus nerve kwaye sikwenze ngendlela engafunekiyo ukuyenza isebenziseke kwizifundo zabantu, utshilo u-Zanos kwingxelo ye-1 ka-Okthobha. "Iindlela zethu zisivumela ukuba siqikelele imisebenzi ye-vagal fiber ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo yomzimba engavakaliyo. Oku kuya kunceda oogqirha balungiselele unyango lwe-neurostimulation kwizigulana ezisebenzisa ezi zixhobo zininzi."

Uphando lukaGqirha Zanos lusisondeza kwinyathelo elinye kufutshane nokufezekiswa kweklinikhi yonyango ekujoliswe kulo lwezinto eziphilayo, utshilo uTracey. "Umsebenzi wakhe uyakusivumela ukuba silinganise ngcono kwaye silungelelanise iindlela zonyango zonyango ukunyanga ezinye zezifo ezothusayo neziqhelekileyo kwisigulana ngasinye."

UFrieda A. Koopman, Sangeeta S. Chavan, Sanda Miljko, Simeon Grazio, Sekib Sokolovic, P. Richard Schuurman, Ashesh D. Mehta, Yaakov A. Levine, Michael Faltys, Ralph Zitnik, Kevin J. Tracey, noPaul P. Tak . "Ukukhuthazwa kwemithambo-luvo kuthintela ukuveliswa kweCytokine kunye nokuThoba isifo kwiRheumatoid Arthritis." Iinkqubo ze-National Academy yeSayensi (Ukupapashwa kokuqala: Julayi 05, 2016) INGXELO: 10.1073 / pnas.1605635113