Izithethe zezilwanyana: Yeyiphi indlela yokuziphatha kwezilwanyana esifundisa yona malunga nokuxhatshazwa

Umxholo

• Ukuxhaphaza Kubalulekile Ukufunda
• Ukuxhatshazwa Kwindawo Yasemsebenzini kukuDlala: Dibana nabalinganiswa aba-6

Ngaba indlela yokuxhaphaza inokuze imiswe? Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo okanye ngaphezulu ingqalelo yethu kwezona ntlungu zibangelwa kukuxhatshazwa kukhokelele kwishishini lonke lijolise "kubaxhaphazi." Ukanti kuyo yonke ingqwalaselo yethu kwisihloko, ngaba ikwenzile okunene ukunciphisa ubundlongondlongo ezikolweni, kwindawo yokusebenza noluntu?

Mhlawumbi esinye sezizathu zokuba kube nzima ukutshintsha isimilo esinoburhalarhume kungenxa yokuba ngokujolisa kumntu "ongumxhaphazi," siphulukana nokujonga amandla eengqondo zeqela ukubangela ukuba abantu abangenabuntu nabangenabuntu benze ngenkohlakalo nangokungenabuntu. Le meko yokuhlaselwa kweqela icaphukisa ngokulula, kwaye inamandla kakhulu, xa umntu othile kubunkokeli eyenza icace into yokuba bafuna umntu ngaphandle. Xa oko kusenzeka, abantu abangaphantsi basabela ngokukhawuleza kwikhwelo loncedo lokuphelisa umsebenzi ongafunekiyo, umfundi okanye umhlobo.

Kwincwadi yam entsha, Ukuhlaselwa! Ukusinda kubantu abaNgcungcuthekisayo kunye nokuBhuqa , Ndiphonononga imeko yobundlongondlongo beqela kwaye ndinikezela ngeendlela ezininzi zokuzikhusela. Ibhalelwe ikakhulu abasebenzi, kodwa isebenza kuyo nayiphi na indawo apho abantu bahlala khona kwaye basebenza kunye bengamaqela, Ukuhlaselwa! Ukujonga ngokusondeleyo indlela yokuziphatha kwezilwanyana ukubonisa ukuba ubundlongondlongo esibubonayo kuseto lwasentlalweni buzelwe, bufuziswe kwaye buqikelelwa. Ukuba kungokwemvelo, ngaba ke kungamiswa? Ndingaphika ukuba hayi, ayinakumiswa kwaphela, kodwa inokuthintelwa, okanye ilawulwe ubuncinci, kwiimeko ezininzi-ukuba ekujoliswe kuko kuyazi kwaye kulungiselelwe. Mhlawumbi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusinda kugonyamelo lweqela ayikutshintshi indlela yokuziphatha kwabahlaseli, njengoko kufunda kwizilwanyana ukuba yintoni ekujoliswe kuyo enokuyenza ukutshintsha isiphumo akuba evekisiwe amazinyo. Nantsi inkcazo:

Uphando lwe-Primate lubonakalise ubuninzi beendlela apho ukungaziphathi kakuhle kwelungu elikwisikhundla esiphakamileyo kunokuguqula amanye amalungu eqela elinoxolo kwiqela lemigulukudu. Thatha iinkawu ze-rhesus, umzekelo. Kwincwadi yakhe, Ubukrelekrele beMacachiavellian: Iindlela iRhesus Macaques kunye nabantu abaLoyise ngayo iHlabathi , i-primatologist u-Dario Maestripieri ubonakalisa ubuqili kunye neqhinga lokusebenzisa iinyani ze-rhesus ukuba zifumane iwonga kunye namandla kwiindawo zabo-ngendlela efanayo ngendlela ephawuleka ngendlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo emsebenzini nasemfazweni.

UMaestripieri uvula incwadi yakhe ngenqaku le-bully macaque eluma indoda ethandwayo ekwishumi elivisayo egama linguBuddy. Endaweni yokuphelisa ungquzulwano ngokujongana nesibetho esibuhlungu ngokulinganayo, okanye ukubonisa ukuzithoba kunye nokunikezela kulowo ungcungcuthekisayo, uBuddy wabaleka esentlungwini. Ngokusilela ukufumana okanye ukubonisa imbeko, ukubonakaliswa kukaBuddy kobuthathaka kwamema ukusukelwa, kwaye umntu oxhaphazayo wakonyusa ukuxhatshazwa kwakhe, njengoko abahlobo bakaBuddy bakhawulezisa ukujoyina ulonwabo. Endaweni yokunceda umhlobo wabo owayehlaselwa, nangona kunjalo, abahlobo bakaBuddy bamlandela bamhlasela, babangela ukuba abaphandi ababebukele ukudibana basuse uBuddy kwiqela ukuze azikhusele.

Xa uBuddy wabuyiselwa kwiqela, abo wayedlala nabo bambamba, bamngqula phantsi kwaye bamcela umngeni ukuba alwe. Esabuthathaka kwi-anesthesia abaphandi ababemnike yona emva kokumsusa kuhlaselo lwangaphambili, imeko ka-Buddy eyayisesichengeni yaxhatshazwa ngabo babekhula nabo. IMastripieri ichaza okwenzekileyo:

“UBuddy uchithe yonke imihla yobomi bakhe evalelweni kunye nazo zonke ezinye iinkawu. Zonke zitya ukutya okufanayo kwaye zilala phantsi kophahla olunye. . . . . Babekhona xa wayezalwa. Bambamba kwaye bamgona xa wayeselusana. Bambonile ekhula, imihla ngemihla, yonke imihla yobomi bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ngalo mhla, ukuba abaphandi babengamkhuphi uBuddy kwiqela, ngewayebulewe. . . . Wayebuthathaka kwaye esengozini. Ukuziphatha kwezinye iinkawu kutshintshe ngokukhawuleza nangokumangalisayo — ukusuka kobuhlobo ukuya ekunganyamezelaniyo, ukusuka ekudlaleni ukuya kobundlongondlongo. Ukuba semngciphekweni kukaBuddy kwaba lithuba labanye lokuhlawula amanqaku amadala, ukuphucula isikhundla sabo kulawulo oluphezulu, okanye ukuphelisa umntu onokubangisana naye ngokulungileyo. Kuluntu olungu-rhesus macaque, ukugcina ubume ekuhlaleni, ukunyamezelwa ngabanye, kwaye ekugqibeleni usinde kwaphela kuxhomekeke ekubeni umntu abaleke ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kwaye asebenzise njani umqondiso olungileyo, nomntu olungileyo, ngexesha elifanelekileyo. ” (Mastripieri, 2007: 4, 5).

Kwale ndlela yokuhlukumeza ifunyanwa kwiingcuka ezingazi kulungelelanisa ukuhlasela ezinye iipakethi zeengcuka, kodwa ziya kuhlala zikhetha amalungu eqela labo abuthathaka ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa ixesha elide, phantse zihlala ziphenjelelwa yingcuka ye-alpha kwaye zenziwe ngokuthobela Iingcuka ezikumgangatho osezantsi. Ngokutsho kwesazi esidumileyo sendalo kunye neengcuka u-R. D. Lawrence, iingcuka ngokoqobo "zilandela inkokheli yazo" kwaye zivule amalungu azo okupakisha ukuba i-alpha ephezulu yenza njalo. Ukuyeka ukuphathwa gadalala, ingcuka exhoba kufuneka ibonise iimpawu zokuzinikezela-ngokulala ngomqolo, iveze umqala, isisu kunye ne-groin kwi-alphas-okanye ngokusaba.

Ngakumbi malunga nokuba kuthetha ntoni ukungenisa okanye ukubaleka kwindawo yokusebenza okanye ekuhlaleni, jonga Ukuhlaselwa! Iyafumaneka ku-Kindle, kodwa ukuba awunayo i-Kindle, unokukhuphela usetyenziso lokufunda simahla kwindawo yeAmazon eya kukuvumela ukuba ufunde nayiphi na incwadi yohlobo. Kwaye ukuba awufuni kuyifunda le ncwadi, hlala ubukele kule ndawo apho ndiza kuqhubeka khona ndixoxe ngeendlela ezininzi apho uburhalarhume babantu butshisiwe kwaye buvutha emva kokuba umnxeba wokuhlaselwa sele ukhalile. Zininzi iindlela zokubetha umntu ohluphayo, kwaye kuqala ngokuzazi thina-kunye nezilwanyana zethu.

Ukuxhaphaza Kubalulekile Ukufunda

Ukuxhatshazwa Kwindawo Yasemsebenzini kukuDlala: Dibana nabalinganiswa aba-6