Ngaba Ngokwenene Sisoyikeka Kukucinga Ngokufa?

Umxholo

• Siyazi ukuba ekugqibeleni siza kufa
• Ukuthanda ukwazi nokoyika ukufa
• Ngaba ukuthanda ukwazi kubi apha?
• Ukungakwazi ukuphindaphinda ithiyori
• Yintsomi ye-zombie engabambeli ekuqwalaselweni

• Ithiyori yokuLawulwa kwezoNxunguphalo izama ukucacisa indlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo ngenxa yokuba ukuqonda ukuba abantu bethu bafa kubangela ukoyikeka.
• Nangona kunjalo, ukuthanda ukwazi okukhohlakeleyo kunokubonisa ukuba ngokubanzi asikhe soyike xa sicinga ngokufa.
• Ikamva leTheory yoLawulo loNgcoliseko libonakala limfiliba, njengoko abaphandi bengakwazi ukuphinda-phinda iziphumo zesiko.

Siyazi ukuba ekugqibeleni siza kufa

Ngokwazi kwethu, abantu kuphela kwezilwanyana ezinakho ukuqonda ukubhubha kwazo. Siyazi ukuba siyakufa ngenye imini, kwaye siyakuqonda ukuba kuthetha ntoni oku. Into enomdla kukuba, ukwazi ngokufa kwethu kunokuba nefuthe kwindlela esiziphatha ngayo.

Enye ithiyori echaphazelayo malunga nendlela ukwazi ngayo ukufa okunempembelelo ngayo ekuziphatheni yiTheory Management Theory. Ngokwalethiyori, ulungelelwaniso oluthile lwenkcubeko kunye nengqondo lukhona ukunciphisa uloyiko olungenakuphepheka oluvela ngenxa yokwazi ngokusweleka kwethu. Umzekelo, ithiyori yokuLawula ubunqolobi ithi abantu bafuna ukuzithemba ukuze banciphise unxunguphalo olubangelwa kukwazi ukuba siza kutshabalala ngenye imini. ¹

Esinye isiseko salethiyori kukuba abantu bafumana intuthuzelo kolu xinzelelo ngokwazi ukuba bangabahlali kwaye baziva benqabisekile ngenxa yoku. Ngokuhambelana nale migca, ithiyori yokuLawula ubunqolobi iqikelela ukuba abantu bayakukhusela umbono wabo wehlabathi kwaye baxhase amaxabiso abo enkcubeko xa bejamelene neengcinga zokufa kwabo.

Ukuthanda ukwazi nokoyika ukufa

Ithiyori yokuLawulwa koNxunguphalo iqokelele amakhulu epapasho kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu idlulileyo. Uninzi lwezi zifundo lujonge kwiimodareyitha ezibalulekileyo zokuzithemba kunye neziphumo zokhuselo lwehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, enye inokuba yimodareyitha ayinto imangalisayo xa ingekho kuncwadi. Ekukhangeleni kwam uncwadi, andifumananga zifundo zininzi malunga nendlela ukwazi ngayo okunxulumana ngayo neempendulo zamandla okufa.

Olunye uphononongo lokufuna ukwazi lukhankanyiwe kwiphepha lophononongo loPhononongo loLawulo lwaBugrogrisi, nangona kunjalo, iphepha elikhankanyiweyo lihlala lingashicilelwanga kwaye alinakufikeleleka kwi-Intanethi. Ngokwokuphononongwa, iziphumo zephepha elingashicilelwanga zibonisa ukuba inani elincinci labathathi-nxaxheba baxela iimvakalelo zokwamkelwa okanye ukwazi xa bekhunjuzwa ngokufa. Ngaphezu, ezi mpendulo zinxulunyaniswa namanqanaba asezantsi okhuselo lokujonga umhlaba. Amalinge okulandelela (nawo angapapashwanga) kubonakala ukuba kukhuthaza abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bacinge ngokufa ngokwamkela okanye ukufuna ukwazi kususe iziphumo zokufa kwabantu kukhuseleko lwehlabathi. ²

Olunye uphononongo olupapashwe nguT Todd Kashdan kunye noogxa bakhe bafumanise ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abaphezulu ekuziphatheni abanomdla abaphendulanga ngokuzikhusela kwimpawu zakudala zokufa kwabantu. ³ Oku kuhambelana nolunye uphononongo lwamva nje olufumanise ukuba abanye abantu baxele ukwanda komnqweno wokuphendula kumandla okufa. ⁴ Okwangoku, kumakhulu okupapashwa kweTheory Management Theory, kuphela izifundo ezimbalwa ezipapashiweyo ezijonge umdla.

Ngaba ukuthanda ukwazi kubi apha?

Siyilungelelanisa njani into yokuba abantu boyikiswa zizikhumbuzo zokufa kunye nokubona ukuba abantu abaninzi babonakala benomdla wokuphendula kwizikhumbuzo zokufa? Ndizamile ukubona ukuba ukwazi ukwazi okunganyamezelekiyo kunxulumene njani nokufa kwabantu kunye nokuzikhusela kwilizwe jikelele. Ngelishwa, khange ndikwazi ukuphinda ndiphindaphinde ithiyori yoLawulo loNgcoliseko ekufumaneni ukuba ubungqongqo bokufa bukhokelela umntu ekukhuseleni umbono wabo wehlabathi.

Andindedwa ekungakwazi kwam ukuphinda ndiphindaphinde izifundo zeklasi zethiyori yoLawulo loNgcoliseko. Izifundo ezininzi ezipapashiweyo zifumene ukungangqinelani ekunzima ukudibana neTheory Management Terror. ⁵ Ngamanye amaxesha uphononongo lufumana isiphumo sokufa ngokuzithemba nokuzikhusela kwilizwe jikelele, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abazenzi.

Ukungakwazi ukuphindaphinda ithiyori

Ukuphindaphinda ngumba omkhulu kwingqondo. Imizamo emikhulu yokuqikelela ukuphindaphinda ifumanise ukuba ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sezifundo zengqondo ziyakwazi ukuphindaphindwa. ⁶ Enye yeenzame zokuvavanya ukuphindaphinda yiprojekthi yeelebhu ezininzi. Le projekthi ivavanya ithiyori yempembelelo yengqondo isebenzisa iilebhu ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela. Olunye uphando lwakutshanje lweeLabhu kuvavanye ukuba ingaba ukubandakanyeka kombhali wokuqala kwakuneempembelelo kwizifundo zokuphindaphinda. ⁷ Ukwenza oku, basebenzise iTheory yoLawulo loNgcoliseko ekufumaneni ukuba ubungqongqo bokufa bukhokelela kukhuseleko lwehlabathi.

Ngaphezulu kwama-2000 abathathi-nxaxheba abavela kwiilebhu ezingama-21 kwihlabathi liphela ababandakanyekayo kolu phando lukhulu. Isiqingatha seelebhu sabalekela ekufundisiseni kwesifo sokufa besebenzisa igalelo elivela kubayili bokuqala beTheory Management Terror ngelixa elinye icala libaleka "endlini." Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lweeLebhu ezininzi alukwazanga ukuvavanya eyona hypothesis yabo ngenxa yokuba bengakhange bafumane siphumo sokufa kwabantu kukhuselo lokujonga umhlaba nokuba bayabandakanyeka na ababhali bokuqala.

Yintsomi ye-zombie engabambeli ekuqwalaselweni

Uvavanyo lwam loncwadi lubonisa ukuba ikamva lethiyori yolawulo lobunqolobi ijongeka imfiliba. Njengokungakwazi ukuphinda-phinda iziphumo zesiko kuqhubeke nokupapashwa, iziseko ezakhelwe kwiTheyori yoLawulo lwaBugrogrisi ziqala ukuqhekeka. Amandla aqikelelweyo alethiyori akabambeli nje ekuhlolweni.

Ithiyori yokuLawulwa kwezoNxunguphalo yithiyori eyinzame yokuzama ukuchaza uninzi lwendlela yokuziphatha kwabantu kwisiseko esilula sokuba ukwazi ngokufa kwethu kubangela ukoyikeka okungathethekiyo. Akukho ngxaki ngesiseko esilula esinamandla achazayo - ababonisi abanjengoDarwin noNewton basibonisile amandla achazayo eembono ezilula. I-Psychology inokuphinda yenze ngethiyori ezibanzi nezinamabhongo kunye nethiyori ezimbalwa zezilwanyana zasekhaya.

Nangona kunjalo, ingqikelelo yeTheory yoLawulo loNxunguphalo ibonakala ngathi ayinabo ubungqina bokuba ababhali bayo bokuqala babanga ukuba kunjalo. Abanye babhale malunga neziphene ezisengqiqweni kunye nethiyori kunye nethiyori yoLawulo lwaBanqolobi ^8,9 kwaye ezinye iithiyori ziye zacetyiswa ukuba zichaze iziphumo kwizifundo zeTheory Management Theory. ¹⁰

Ukuba izikhumbuzo zokufa zibangela uloyiko olukhubazekileyo, lwenzeka kuphela phakathi kwabanye abantu; kwabanye, ibangela umdla onomdla. ¹¹ Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuba abantu bafumana ukoyikeka okubangelwa kukucinga ngokufa, kunganzima ukuchaza izinto ezithandwayo ezinje ngokuzonwabisa okothusayo, ulwaphulo-mthetho lokwenyani, ukhenketho olumnyama, kunye neendlela ezininzi ezingezo-WEIRD ezibonisa ukufa. Kubonakala ngathi ukuqonda kwethu ngengqondo yokufa kukuqala nje.

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