Ukuba nguMongameli kuRhulumente kufutshane noBomi, ngokweSifundo

Umxholo

• Ayisiyondawo yoxanduva olukhulu kuphela, kodwa ikwanazo neziphumo ezinobungozi kwimpilo.
• Ngaba ukuba ngumongameli kunciphisa ixesha lokuphila?
• Akusiyo isifundo sokuqala kule ndlela yophando
• Uphando olupapashwe kwiBritish Medical Journal (BMJ)
• Ababhali benze into entsha ngokubhekisele kuphando lwangaphambili
• Unobangela unokuba luxinzelelo olwenziwa ngoomongameli

Ayisiyondawo yoxanduva olukhulu kuphela, kodwa ikwanazo neziphumo ezinobungozi kwimpilo.

Inkqubo ye- unyulo jikelele apho umongameli olandelayo wobukumkani baseSpain aya kunyulwa khona ikufutshane nekona, kwaye abane ngabagqatswa abasebenza njengeentloko zikarhulumente.

Kodwa uMariano Rajoy, uPablo Iglesias, u-Albert Rivera noPedro Sánchez kufuneka baqwalasele le mizila ilandelayo, njengoko uphando lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba ukuba ngumongameli wesizwe kubufutshane ubomi.

Ngaba ukuba ngumongameli kunciphisa ixesha lokuphila?

Ke, ekubeni inye kuphela kwabane enokuphumelela kunyulo, abo bangenalo ithamsanqa lokunyulwa njengabameli abaphezulu besebe elilawulayo baya kuba nesizathu esinye sokuncuma.

Akusiyo isifundo sokuqala kule ndlela yophando

Kubekho ingxoxo-mpikiswano ixesha elide malunga nokuba ingaba oomongameli bakarhulumente banalo na ixesha eliphantsi lobomi, kwaye inzululwazi yenze uphando olwahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuphikisa le hypothesis. Umzekelo, olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba oomongameli baneminyaka ephindwe kabini ngokukhawuleza kunabo bengengabo abongameli. Kwelinye icala, olunye uphononongo alufumananga naluphi na uhlobo lobudlelwane phakathi kokuguga ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nesikhundla sentloko yoburhulumente.

Ngapha koko, kwanele ukubona ezinye iifoto zoomongameli bakarhulumente ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwemigaqo yabo ukuqonda ukuba ukonakala komzimba kuyabonakala. Elinye lawona matyala athethwa kakhulu yile Owayesakuba ngumongameli wentlalontle uJosé Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. Kumfanekiso osekhohlo, umongameli weshiya kunye neminyaka engama-48. Ekunene, iminyaka engama-55 ubudala (ifoto yangoku). Ngaba akubonakali ngathi ixesha elininzi lidlulile?

Kutshanje, olu phando lutsha luzise le mpikiswano kwitafile. Ukwenza oku, kuvavanye iinkqubo zonyulo ezenziwa kumazwe ali-17 ukusuka kowe-1722 ukuya kowama-2015. Iziphumo Kubonakala ngathi kubonisa ukuba oomongameli bakarhulumente baphila umyinge weminyaka engama-2.7 ngaphantsi kunye namava angama-23 eepesenti emngciphekweni wokusweleka ngaphambi kwexesha lomntu oyintloko yenkcaso. Abongameli abanjengoBarak Obama okanye uRafael Correa kufuneka bazithathele ingqalelo ezi ziphumo.

Uphando olupapashwe kwiBritish Medical Journal (BMJ)

Uphando lubonakala kumagazini okhethekileyo weKrisimesi Ijenali yezoNyango yaseBritane (BMJ). Uhlelo lwayo lweKrisimesi lonyaka ngamnye lunemixholo engaqhelekanga, kodwa oko, ngaphandle koku, banesiseko esiqinileyo sesayensi.

"Siqinisekile ukuba kukho iyantlukwano phakathi kokusweleka koomongameli bakarhulumente kunye nabo babangisana nabo, oko kukuthi iintloko zobudala zikarhulumente zikhawuleza", utshilo u-Anupam Jena, umbhali wophando kunye noprofesa kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard naseSibhedlele IMassachusetts Jikelele (eUnited States). Olu phando lukwabonisa u-Andrew Olesku, umphandi kwakule yunivesithi inye, kunye noMatthew Abola, umfundi wezonyango e-Case Western Reserve University.

Ababhali benze into entsha ngokubhekisele kuphando lwangaphambili

Nangona ingesosihloko sitsha, ababhali bophando benze into eyahlukileyo yokulinganisa i-hypothesis, njengoko kunzima ukuyiqinisekisa. Endaweni yokuthelekisa umongameli okanye inkulumbuso kunye noluntu ngokubanzi, bona uthelekisa idatha yabongameli kunye nabachasi babo. Oku kwenziwa kuba ukuba sithelekisa oomongameli, abaqhele ukuba ngabantu abakwizinga eliphezulu kwezentlalo, nabanye abantu, kunokubakho utyekelo olubalulekileyo, oko kukuthi, iziphumo ezifunyenweyo azizukubaluleka.

Ukongeza, abaphandi baphinde bandise ukugxila kwabo ngokuthelekisa iintloko zikarhulumente zamazwe ali-17 azinzileyo kwidemokhrasi zaseNtshona, endaweni yokunciphisa isifundo koomongameli base-US. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abaphandi khange baqwalasele oozwilakhe, kodwa abongameli abanyulwe ngokwentando yesininzi. Kucacile, kodwa kufuneka iqinisekiswe kunye noomongameli bamanye amazwekazi, njengamaLatin America okanye amaAsia.

Unobangela unokuba luxinzelelo olwenziwa ngoomongameli

Ababhali besifundo bayakuvuma oko n okanye unokufumana ezona zizathu zokuba kutheni oomongameli bengahlali ixesha elide njengeentshaba zabo. Kodwa uxinzelelo lunokuba ngunobangela. “Ishedyuli yabo exakekileyo kunye nokusebenza kwabo kwenza ukuba kube nzima koomongameli ukuba baphile ubomi obusempilweni. Kunzima kubo ukwenza inkqubo yokutya okusempilweni kunye nokuzilolonga umzimba ”uqukumbela watsho uAnupam Jena.

Ukuba ngumpolitiki kunokuba ngumsebenzi ohlawula kakhulu. Ukuqhubeka kokuhamba, iingxaki ezichaphazela ilizwe liphela, ukujongana okuqhubekayo neliso eluntwini, njl.njl.