I-Edema yobuchopho: Iindidi, iimpawu, oonobangela kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Le ngozi yobuchopho ibonakala xa ulwelo luzalisa iinxalenye zobuchopho apho lungaphezulu.
• Ukuchaza umxholo we-edema
• I-edema yobuchopho: ezona mpawu ziphambili
• Iindidi ze-edema yengqondo
• 1. I-edema yeCytotoxic
• 2. I-edema yeVasogenic
• 3. I-Hydrocephalic okanye i-edema yangaphakathi
• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• 1. Ukwenzakala entloko
• 2. Stroke
• 3. Intsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane
• 4. Amathumba
• 5. IHypoxia evela kubude
• 6. IHyponatremia
• 7. Ukunxila
• Unyango

Le ngozi yobuchopho ibonakala xa ulwelo luzalisa iinxalenye zobuchopho apho lungaphezulu.

Ukuba umntu usixelela ukuba bagcinwe lulwelo, mhlawumbi sicinga ngomntu odumbileyo kwaye edumbile imilenze okanye elinye ilungu lomzimba. Kuthethwe ngale ndlela, kunokubonakala ngathi akunamsebenzi, kuyanyangeka ngokulula kwaye akunakuba yingxaki, njengoko kunjalo kwiimeko ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, oku kugcina ulwelo okanye i-edema kunokuba yingozi ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni kwenzeka phi. Kuba ukugcinwa kolwelo emilenzeni okanye emaqatheni akufani nokuba kunamalungu afana nomphunga.

Enye yeemeko ezinobungozi kakhulu neziyingozi ezinokuthi zenzeke malunga noku ubukho be-edema yobuchopho, enokuba ngunobangela wokufa.

Ukuchaza umxholo we-edema

Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe nge-edema yobuchopho uqobo, kufuneka uqale uqonde ukuba sithetha ntoni xa sithetha ngegama elithi edema. Iyaqondwa ngoluhlobo ubukho bokudumba okanye ukudumba kwezihlunu ezithambileyo ngenxa yokufumba kolwelo ngaphakathi okanye phakathi kweeseli zalo, ngenxa yokungalingani kwisixa samanzi aphakathi ashiya okanye angena kwiiseli.

Oku kudumba kunokuba nezizathu ezahlukeneyo kwaye kungafunyanwa phantse kuzo zonke iintlobo zezicubu ezithambileyo emzimbeni, kwaye kunokuba neziphumo zokuqwalaselwa okwahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwethishu echaphazelekayo.

I-edema yobuchopho: ezona mpawu ziphambili

Enye yeendawo apho i-edema inokwenzeka khona, kunye nenye yezona zinobungozi, kwizicwili zobuchopho. Kwi-cerebral edema, sifumana ukwanda kunye nokuqokelelwa kolwelo phakathi kweeseli zobuchopho ovelisa ukudumba kobukhulu obaneleyo bokubangela iimpawu zeklinikhi.

Oku kudumba kunzima kakhulu kule meko kuba ingqondo ayihambi nje kwisithuba, kodwa ingqongwe sisakhiwo esingamathambo esilikhuselayo kodwa sona silinciphise: lukakayi. Ukuqokelelwa kolwelo kunokubangela uxinzelelo lobunzima bengqondo kwiindonga zengqondo, ezinokubangela ukuba ii-neurons ziphele zifa.

Ngokufanayo, yona Lonyusa kakhulu inqanaba loxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ngokungagcini ukulingana kwe-electrolyte eqhelekileyo, enokutshintsha kwaye ibangele ukonakala kweseli. Okokugqibela, uxinzelelo lunokuchaphazela imithambo yegazi, ukuthintela ioksijini ekubeni ifikelele kwimimandla ethile yobuchopho kwaye iphele ngokuntywila.

Kuxhomekeka kwimimandla yobuchopho ecinezelweyo, iimpawu zinokwahluka kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, isiyezi, ukudinwa kunye nobuthathaka ziyavela, kunye notshintsho olunokwenzeka kwinqanaba lokuqonda, iintloko zentloko, iimpawu zesisu ezinje ngesicaphucaphu kunye / okanye ukugabha okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ukuphefumla kunokukhawulezisa kwaye ukuxhuzula kunokubonakala.

Inxulumene notshintsho olwazini, Kwiimeko ezinzima isiqaqa somguli okanye nokufa kunokubangelwa ukuba i-nuclei enoxanduva lokugcina intliziyo kunye nesingqisho sokuphefumla icinezelwe. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokukhokelela ekugxothweni kwengqondo okanye ekulahlekelweni sisigxina kwemisebenzi efanelekileyo.

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu, ubukho be-edema yobuchopho bunokukhokelela ekufeni okanye ukubonakala kolunye uhlobo lokukhubazeka ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwengqondo okanye ngokwasemphefumlweni, ezinokuguqula kakhulu ukusebenza kwesiqhelo komntu, nokuba kungokwexeshana okanye ngokusisigxina.

Iindidi ze-edema yengqondo

Akukho luhlobo lunye lwe-edema yobuchopho, kodwa sinokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni phi kwaye kutheni ukungalingani kunye nokuqokelelana kolwelo kwenzeka. Kwaye ukuba ulwelo lunokuqokelelana kokubini ngaphakathi kweeseli nakwindawo engaphandle kwangaphandle.

1. I-edema yeCytotoxic

Kolu hlobo lwe-edema, ukudumba kwenzeka xa ulwelo luqokelelana ngaphakathi kweeseli ngokwazo, ukubamba ngokungaqhelekanga isixa esigqithisileyo solwelo lwangaphakathi. Iveliswa ngokubanzi kukungasebenzi kakuhle kweempompo zesodiyam / potassium kunye namajelo angena kulwelo kwaye ashiye iiseli. Sijongene nengxaki yolawulo lwe-metabolism yeselula kunye nokugcinwa kwe-homeostasis. Ukusetyenziswa kwento ethile enetyhefu inokuba sesinye sezizathu zayo.

2. I-edema yeVasogenic

I-Edema eyenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kokuqina kwenkqubo ye-neva, ngenxa yokonakala kwesithintelo segazi-nengqondo, ithathwa kanjalo. Ngokubanzi siyifumana loo nto iplasma yegazi ingena kwi-parenchyma okanye kwisithuba esingaphandle ejikeleze iiseli zemithambo-luvo kwaye iqokelelene kuyo. Luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-edema yengqondo. Amathumba, imivumbo, kunye nokulimala entloko kuhlala kungoyena nobangela uqhelekileyo.

3. I-Hydrocephalic okanye i-edema yangaphakathi

I-Edema eveliswe kukuphazamiseka kwemijelo apho ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid lujikeleza khona, lubangela ukuba ii-ventricles ze-cerebral okanye iindawo ezikufutshane nendawo evaliweyo zitshise. Kubonakala kwihydrocephalus.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Kukho inani elikhulu lezinto ezinokubangela ubukho be-edema yobuchopho. Ezinye zezona ziqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo.

1. Ukwenzakala entloko

Esinye sezizathu ekunokuba lula ukuba sichongwe seso sinento yokwenza nobukho bentlungu entlokweni. Esi sibetho sibangela ukwaphuka kwemithambo yegazi, ukukhukhula kwengqondo ngegazi. Xa uzama ukufunxa ulwelo olugqithisileyo, iiseli ziya kudumba.

2. Stroke

Ubukho begazi lobuchopho okanye ukuvaleka kwenkqubo ye-cerebrovascular system sesinye sezona zizathu zaziwayo ze-edema yobuchopho. Kwaye kukuba ezi ngozi zinokuvelisa nokuba ulwelo luye lwandiswa ngokuthe ngqo ngaphakathi kwingqondo okanye ukuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo ziya kufa zize zaphuke, zibangele ukufumba kolwelo.

3. Intsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane

Esinye isizathu esinokubangela i-edema yobuchopho inokufumaneka kubukho bosulelo. Iiseli zonakalisiwe zaza zaphuka, iintsalela zazo zivelisa ukungalingani kwinqanaba lolwelo lobuchopho. Ngaphakathi kweli qela lezizathu sifumana izifo ezahlukileyo kakhulu, ukusuka kwi-meningitis ukuya kwi-Reye's syndrome.

4. Amathumba

Ukubonakala kwama-neoplasms, ngaba ayenobungozi okanye ayingozi, kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwemithambo yegazi okanye kuthintele ukuhamba kwe-cerebrospinal fluid, enokuthi ikhokelele ekubonakaleni kokuqokelelana kolwelo kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho.

5. IHypoxia evela kubude

Olu hlobo lwe-edema lwenzeka kwizifundo ezinje ngokunyuka kunye nothotho. Unobangela ophambili kukuba ubukho bokwahluka ngesiquphe koxinzelelo lomoya ebusweni bonyuka ngokukhawuleza : ukungabikho kweoksijini umzimba uzama ukunciphisa imithambo kunye nemithambo yenkqubo yeemvakalelo, kodwa ukuba le meko iyolulwa okanye utshintsho lwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu lathi ukuDala kuya kudala ubunzima be-homeostatic obuya kuphumela ekufumaneni ulwelo kwingqondo .

6. IHyponatremia

Ukuphazamiseka okwenzeka xa kungekho nqanaba laneleyo le-sodium egazini, apho umzimba uzama ukubuyekeza ngokubangela ukwanda kokungena kolwelo kwiiseli.

7. Ukunxila

Ukusetyenziswa kwetyhefu okanye ityhefu Ingenza utshintsho kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo ebangela ubukho bokungalingani kumanqanaba e-intra okanye i-extracellular fluid.

Unyango

Unyango lwe-edema yobuchopho lubalulekile kwaye ifuna inyathelo elikhawulezileyo lobuchwephesha ukuthintela ukufa okanye ukubonakala komonakalo ongenakulungiswa kwisigulana.

Inyathelo lokuqala ekufuneka lisetyenzisiwe kukuphelisa ukuqokelelwa kolwelo kunye nokunciphisa ukudumba, kubalulekile ukuba ubeke esweni imiqondiso ebalulekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha. Inkqubo yokuphefumla okungeyonyani inokuba yimfuneko ukugcina ukuhamba okuthe rhoqo nokwaneleyo kweoksijini.

Kwiimeko apho ubomi bomguli busemngciphekweni, utyando luhlala lusetyenziswa kwangoko ukulawula inqanaba lokudumba ngokukhupha ulwelo, okanye ukuphinda wenze inxenye yokakayi ukuze unciphise kwaye unciphise uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Nje ukuba isigulana sizinze, kufuneka sihlalutye into evelise ingxaki ukuze inyange oonobangela bayo.

Ngokunjalo, kuye kwangqinwa ukuba ukwenziwa kwe-hyperventilation elawulwayo kunciphisa ukubunjwa kwe-edema ye-cerebral. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ilawulwe kakhulu, kuba kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kwaye ixesha elingakanani liqhutywa, kunokuba neziphumo eziyingozi kakhulu.

Zombini ezi kunye nakwezinye iimeko apho kungasetyenziswanga utyando, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezahlukeneyo kuqhelekile. Umzekelo, Ukusetyenziswa kwe-corticosteroids kuxhaphake kakhulu ukuze kuncitshiswe inqanaba loxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwezo meko apho ingxaki ingekhoyo kwimvelaphi ye-cytotoxic okanye ye-hemorrhagic. I-Osmotic kunye ne-diuretics zinokusetyenziselwa ukuququzelela ukugxothwa kolwelo.