Ngaba ukunyanga kunganyangeka?

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuye kwaqala ukuphuma kwizithunzi kule minyaka idlulileyo. Akusekho ngqiqweni ukuba umntu athethe ngeengxaki zakhe; Mhlawumbi uyazi umntu owenze kanye loo nto. Okwangoku, sele siqhele ukuva malunga nemicimbi yezempilo yengqondo evela kumajelo eendaba nakwimikhankaso yoluntu.

Kodwa nangona impilo yengqondo ineprofayili ephezulu kwezi ntsuku, kwaye ukhetho lwezonyango luye lwaphucuka ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ezinye iimeko zihlala zigutyungelwe libala kwaye, kubantu abaninzi, kunzima ukuzinyanga.

Ukukhohlisa okutshutshisayo-uloyiko olungenasiseko lokuba abantu bazimisele ukusenzakalisa-ngokuqinisekileyo bawela kolu luhlu. Enye yeempawu eziphambili zokuchongwa kwengqondo ezinje nge-schizophrenia, inkohliso yokutshutshisa inokubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu. Phantse isiqingatha sezigulana ezikule meko naso sinengxaki yokudakumba; Ewe amanqanaba ezikhundla zempilo yengqondo kwezona ziphantsi kwiipesenti ezi-2 zabemi. Ayothusi ke le nto ngenxa yokuthuthunjiswa kokucinga, umzekelo, ukuba abahlobo bakho okanye usapho lwakho lukufuna, okanye urhulumente uceba ukukubulala. Ubukho bokukhohlisa okutshutshisayo kuqikelela ukuzibulala nokwamkelwa esibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo.

Ngenxa yako konke oku, kulusizi ukuba sisasilela kunyango olusebenzayo. Amayeza kunye nonyango lwengqondo lungenza umohluko kwaye ezinye iinkokheli ezimangalisayo kwimpilo yengqondo zenza inkqubela phambili ekuqondeni, kunyango nasekuhambiseni iinkonzo. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza awasebenzi kuye wonke umntu kwaye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokungathandeki kangangokuba abantu abaninzi bayalushiya unyango. Okwangoku, ngelixa unyango lwengqondo ezinje ngesizukulwana sokuqala seendlela ze-CBT zibonakalise ziluncedo kwabaninzi, iinzuzo zinokuthozama. Ukufumaneka kukwathozame kakhulu, kunqongophele koochwephesha abaqeqeshiweyo abakwaziyo ukuhambisa unyango ngokwaneleyo.

Ukujonga ukhetho olukhoyo ngoku, kwaye ukhumbula ukuba uninzi lwezigulana lusakhathazwa ziingcinga zeparanoid ngaphandle kweenyanga okanye neminyaka yonyango, umbono wokuba ukukhohlisa kunokunyanga ubonakala njengephupha lombhobho. Kodwa yile kanye apho sifuna ukuseta ibha. Yinjongo esicinga ukuba iyinyani kwizigulana ezininzi. Kwaye iziphumo zokuqala zenkqubo yethu yokuziva ukhuselekile, exhaswa ngemali liBhunga loPhando lwezoNyango kunye nokwakha kubuchwephesha besizwe ekuqondeni nasekunyangeni amava okusebenza kwengqondo, kubonelela ngezizathu zokuba nethemba.

Unyango olusebenzayo lwakhiwe malunga nemodeli yethu yethiyori (kule meko yaziwa njenge unyango lwenguqulelo ). Kwinqanaba lokulahlekiswa okutshutshisayo yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yinkolelo yesoyikiso: Ngamanye amagama, umntu ukholelwa (ngempazamo) ukuba basengozini ngoku. Olu luhlobo lweemvakalelo uninzi lwethu ebenalo ngamanye amaxesha. Ukukhohliswa okutshutshisayo okufunyanwa ngabantu abane-schizophrenia abahlukanga ngokomgangatho kwi-paranoia yemihla ngemihla; Bomelele ngakumbi kwaye bayazingisa. Ukukhohlisa okutshutshisayo kukuphela kwesiphelo separanoid.

Njengoninzi lweemeko zengqondo, kubantu abaninzi, ukukhula kweenkolelo zabo ezisongelayo zilele kunxibelelwano phakathi kwemfuza nokusingqongileyo. Ngengozi yokuzalwa, abanye bethu banokuba semngciphekweni weengcinga ezikrokrisayo kunabanye. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba abantu abanesichengeni semfuza baya kuba neengxaki ngokuqinisekileyo; kude nayo. Imeko yendalo esingqongileyo- ikakhulu izinto ezenzeka kuthi kubomi bethu kunye nendlela esiphendula ngayo kubo- zibaluleke kakhulu njengofuzo.

Nje ukuba ukukhohlisa okutshutshisayo kuphuhliswe, kuphenjelelwa luhlu lwe izinto zokugcina . Siyazi, umzekelo, ukuba i-paranoia itya iimvakalelo zokuba sesichengeni okudalwe kukuzithemba okuphantsi. Ukukhathazeka kuzisa uloyiko kodwa uluvo olungenakucingelwa engqondweni. Ubuthongo obungalunganga bonyusa uloyiko lweemvakalelo, Kwaye uluhlu lokuphazamiseka okufihlakeleyo (iimvakalelo zomzimba ezingaqhelekanga ezibangelwa luxinzelelo, umzekelo) zichazwa ngokulula njengeempawu zengozi evela ngaphandle. Ukukhohlisa kuphumelela nakwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba "kukuqiqa okungathandabuzekiyo" njengokutsiba ukuya kwiziphetho kwaye kugxilwe kuphela kwiziganeko ezibonakala zingqina ingcinga yeparanoid. Amanyathelo okuchasana aqondakalayo- njengokuthintela imeko eyoyikwayo- kuthetha ukuba umntu akazukufumanisa ukuba babesemngciphekweni ngokwenyani kwaye ke ukuba ingcinga yabo yeparanoid yayifanelekile na.

Eyona njongo iphambili yeNkqubo yokuziva ukhuselekile kukuba izigulana ziphinde zifunde ukhuseleko. Xa besenza oko, iinkolelo ezisongelayo ziqala ukunyibilika. Emva kokujongana nezinto zabo zolondolozo, sinceda abaguli ukuba babuyele kwiimeko abazoyikayo kwaye bafumanise ukuba, nantoni na abanokuziva ngayo ngamava adlulileyo, izinto zahlukile ngoku.

Nangona iNkqubo yokuziva ikhuselekile intsha, yakhelwe phezu kwesicwangciso esiliqili sophando. Sisebenzisa izifundo zentsholongwane kunye nokuvavanywa, sivavanye ithiyori kwaye saqaqambisa izinto eziphambili zolondolozo. Emva koko, saqala ukubonisa ukuba singayinciphisa imeko yolondolozo kwaye, xa sisenza njalo, paranoia yezigulana iyancipha. Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, iimodyuli ezijolise kwinto nganye yesondlo ziye zavavanywa sithi noogxa bethu kuvavanyo lweklinikhi olubandakanya amakhulu ezigulana. Ukuziva ukhuselekile sisiphumo senkqubo ende yokuguqulela isayensi isebenze. Ngoku sifikelele kwinqanaba elonwabisayo lokubeka iimodyuli ezahlukeneyo kunyango olupheleleyo lokukhohlisa okungapheliyo.

Iziphumo ezivela kwizigulana zokuqala ukwenza iNkqubo yokuziva ukhuselekile ziyapapashwa kule veki. Uvavanyo lwethu lweSigaba 1 lubandakanya abaguli abalishumi elinanye ngokukhohlisa okude okungaphendulanga kunyango kwiinkonzo, iminyaka emininzi. Uninzi lwezigulana nazo zazisiva amazwi. Siqale sabanceda ekuchongeni izinto zolondolozo ezibabangela ezona ngxaki. Izigulana emva koko zikhethwe kwimenyu yonyango eyenzelwe ngokukodwa zona, kubandakanya, umzekelo, iimodyuli eziyilelwe ukunciphisa ixesha elichithwe ekuxhalabeni, ukwakha ukuzithemba, ukuphucula ukulala, ukuba bhetyebhetye kwindlela yokucinga, kunye nokufunda ukuphatha ngaphandle kwekhawuntari -imilinganiselo kwaye ufumanise ukuba umhlaba ukhuselekile ngoku kubo.

Ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintandathu ezizayo, isiguli ngasinye sisebenze nonyango lwezengqondo olusuka kwiqela kwiqela lesicwangciso sonyango esenzelwe wena, sijongana nezinto zakhe zolondolozo nganye nganye. Yintoni ebangela inkohliso iyahluka ukusuka kwisigulana ukuya kwisigulana; Eyona ndlela yokujongana nobunzima kukuthatha inyathelo- okanye ulondolozo- ngexesha. Unyango luyasebenza kwaye luyasebenza. Ijolise kakhulu ekuncedeni abaguli ukuba bazive bekhuselekile kwaye bonwabile, kwaye babuyele ekwenzeni izinto abafuna ukuzenza.

Ngokomndilili, izigulana zifumene ukubonisana okungamashumi amabini ananye ukuya kwelinye nganye nganye ihlala ixesha elingangeyure, iiseshoni zihlala zixhaswa ziifowuni, imibhalo kunye ne-imeyile. Iiseshini zenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: iziko lezempilo yengqondo, ikhaya lesigulana, okanye imeko apho isigulana sinokufumana khona ukhuseleko (indawo yokuthenga, umzekelo, okanye ipaki). Nje ukuba into yolondolozo iphathwe ngempumelelo, isigulana sagqithela kwimodyuli ephambili elandelayo.

Iziphumo zazibetha; Inkqubo ijongeka ngokungathi inokubonisa utshintsho kwinyathelo kunyango lokukhohlisa. Inzululwazi inokuthi iguqulele kwinkqubela phambili ebonakalayo. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sezigulana (iipesenti ezingama-64) ezifunyenwe kukukhohliseka ekude. Aba yayingabantu ababeqale ityala ngokukhohlisa okungapheliyo, ezinye iimpawu zengqondo eziphazamisayo, kunye nokuba sempilweni kwengqondo ephantsi kakhulu-lelona qela linzima ukujolisa kunyango olutsha. Kodwa njengoko inkqubo yayiqhubeka, abaguli benza iinzuzo ezinkulu kuzo zonke ezi ndawo; abaliqela banako ukunciphisa amayeza abo. Ngapha koko, abaguli bonwabile kukunamathela kule nkqubo, phantse bonke besithi iyabanceda ukujongana ngempumelelo neengxaki zabo.

Khange isebenzele wonke umntu kwaye olu luvavanyo lwakwangoko kunyango oluqhubeka ngokuvela. Ulingo olupheleleyo olulawulwa ngokungekho mthethweni oluxhaswe ngemali yi-NHS National Institute of Health Research yase-UK iqale ngoFebruwari. Ukuba ezi ziphumo zokuqala zinokuphindaphindwa, inkqubo yokuziva ikhuselekile iya kubonisa inkqubela phambili engazange ibonwe. Ukuqonda kwethu oonobangela bokulahlekiswa kufike ngokuxhumaxhuma kunye nemida kwiminyaka yakutshanje ke xa kufikwa ekwakheni unyango olunempumelelo sinokuqhubeka nokuzithemba ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Okokugqibela, kunokwenzeka ukucinga ngekamva apho izigulana ezikhohlisayo, kangangexesha elide ingxaki ebonakala ngathi ayinakuchaphazeleka, zinokunikwa unyango olomeleleyo, oluthembekileyo nolusebenza ngokukuko. IParanoia, kubonakala ngathi, ekugqibeleni inokuba sele iza kuvela kwizithunzi.

UDaniel noJason ngababhali boXinzelelo lweSondo: Ukutyhila iNyaniso malunga naMadoda, amaTyhini kunye neMpilo yeNgqondo. Kwi-Twitter, zi @ProfDFreeman kunye @ JasonFreeman100.