Ngaba Izinja Zingabona kwi-Ultraviolet?

Uphando lubonisa ukuba inja yakho iyakwazi ukubona izinto ezingabonakaliyo kuwe.

Ukuba ujonga ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nolwakhiwo ngokubanzi lwenja yenja ijongeka kakhulu njengeliso lomntu. Ngenxa yeso sizathu sinomdla wokuqikelela ukuba umbono ezinjeni ufana nqwa nabantu. Nangona kunjalo isayensi iqhubekile kwaye sifunda ukuba izinja kunye nabantu abasoloko bebona into efanayo kwaye abasoloko benokubona okufanayo. Umzekelo, nangona izinja zinombono othile (cofa apha ngaphezulu malunga naloo nto) uluhlu lwemibala lilinganiselwe xa kuthelekiswa nabantu. Izinja zivame ukubona umhlaba ngemibala etyheli, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nengwevu kwaye ayinakucalucalula phakathi kwemibala esiyibona ibomvu kwaye iluhlaza. Abantu banokubona okungcono kokubonwa, kwaye banokucalula iinkcukacha ezingenakuzenza izinja (cofa apha ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga noku).

Kwiphepha leflip, iliso lenja likhethekileyo ngombono wasebusuku kwaye ii-canines zinokubona ngakumbi phantsi kokukhanya okungacacanga kunabantu. Ngapha koko, izinja zinokubona intshukumo engcono kunabantu. Nangona kunjalo isifundo sipapashwe kwi- Iinkqubo zeRoyal Society B * iphakamisa ukuba izinja zinokubona lonke uluhlu lweenkcukacha ezibonakalayo ezingenakho ukwenziwa ngabantu.

URonald Douglas, uprofesa webhayoloji kwiDyunivesithi yaseLondon kunye noGlenn Jeffrey, unjingalwazi weeuroscience kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon, babenomdla wokubona ukuba izilwanyana zingabona na kwilitha lokukhanya kwelanga. Ubude bamaza okukhanya okubonakalayo bulinganiswa ngee-nanometer (i-nanometer sisigidi esinye sewaka leemitha). Ubude obude be-wave, malunga ne-700 nm, bubonwa ngabantu njengobomvu, kwaye ubude obufutshane, malunga ne-400 nm, bubonwa njengombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye o-violet. I-wavelengths yokukhanya emfutshane kune-400 nm ayibonwa ngabantu abaqhelekileyo, kwaye ukukhanya kolu luhlu kuthiwa yi-ultraviolet.

Kuyaziwa ukuba ezinye izilwanyana, ezinjengezinambuzane, iintlanzi, kunye neentaka, ziyabona kwi-ultraviolet. Kwiinyosi obu bubuchule obubalulekileyo. Xa abantu bejonga iintyatyambo ezithile banokubona into enombala ofanayo, nangona kunjalo iintlobo ezininzi zeentyatyambo ziye zatshintsha umbala wazo ukuze xa ujongwa ngemvakalelo ye-ultraviolet embindini wentyatyambo (equlathe umungu nencindi) yinto ekujongwa kuyo ngokulula okwenza kube lula ukuba inyosi ifumane. Ungayibona loo nto kulo mzobo.

Ebantwini iilensi ngaphakathi kwiso zinombala otyheli ococa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Iqela lophando lase-Bhritane laqiqa ngelithi ezinye iintlobo zezidalwa ezanyisayo zingenakuba nezinto eziluhlaza njengamehlo kwaye ngenxa yoko zinokuba novakalelo kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Ngokuqinisekileyo kunjalo ukuba abantu abaye basuswa iilensi zamehlo ngotyando ngenxa yeengxangxasi zihlala zixela utshintsho kumbono wabo. Ngokususwa kwelensi etyheli abantu abanje banokubona kuluhlu lwe-ultraviolet. Umzekelo, ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kungenxa yento enjalo yokuqaqanjelwa ngamehlo ngumculi uMonet waqala ukupeyinta iintyatyambo ngombala oluhlaza.

Kwisifundo esikhoyo uluhlu olubanzi lwezilwanyana kubandakanya: izinja, iikati, iigundane, i-reindeer, i-ferrets, iihagu, ii-hedgehogs kunye nezinye ezininzi, zavavanywa. Ukucaca kwezinto ezibonakalayo zamehlo abo kwalinganiswa kwaye kwafumaniseka ukuba uninzi lwezi ntlobo luvumele ukuvumelana okuhle kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet emehlweni abo. Xa kwavavanywa iliso lenja bafumanisa ukuba ivumela ngaphezulu kwe-61% yokukhanya kwe-UV ukuba kudlule kwaye kufikelele kwii-photosensitive receptors kwi-retina. Thelekisa oku ebantwini apho kungabikho ukukhanya kwe-UV khona. Ngale datha intsha sinokumisela ukuba inja ingayibona njani imbonakalo ebonakalayo (njengothingo lwenkosazana) xa ithelekiswa nomntu kwaye iyalinganiswa kweli nani.

Umbuzo ocacileyo wokubuza kukuba zeziphi izibonelelo ezifunyanwa yinja ngokukwazi kwayo ukubona kwi-ultraviolet. Inokuba nento yokwenza neliso eliguquliweyo ukuze libe nokubona okuhle ebusuku, kuba kubonakala ngathi ezo ntlobo zazinobusuku obuncinci ubuncinci zazineelensi ezinokudlulisela i-ultraviolet, ngelixa abo basebenza ikakhulu emini . Nangona kunjalo ikwimeko yokuba iintlobo ezithile zolwazi zinokucutshungulwa ukuba une-ultraviolet sensitivity. Nantoni na ethi ifunxe i-ultraviolet okanye ibonakalise ngokwahlukileyo iya kuthi ibonakale. Umzekelo kulo mzobo sinomntu esipeyinte ipatheni usebenzisa into yokuthambisa elangeni (ethintela i-ultraviolet). Ipateni ayibonakali phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kodwa xa ijongwa kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet iyacaca gca.

Kwimvelo kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubonakala ukuba unokubona kwi-ultraviolet. Inomdla kwizinja yinto yokuba umzila womchamo ubonakala kwi-ultraviolet. Kuba umchamo usetyenziswa zizinja ukufunda okuthile ngezinye izinja kwimeko yazo, kunokuba luncedo ukukwazi ukuzibona ngokulula. Oku kunokuba luncedo kwii-canines zasendle njengendlela yokubona kunye nokulandela umkhondo wexhoba.

Kwiindawo ezithile ezithile ubuntununtunu kwinxalenye ye-ultraviolet yento ebonwayo inokunika ithuba kwizilwanyana ezizingelayo ukuze ziphile, ezinje ngookhokho bezinja zethu. Cinga lo mzobo ungezantsi. Uyabona ukuba umbala omhlophe womvundla we-arctic ubonelela ngokufihla okuhle kwaye wenza isilwanyana kube nzima ukusijonga ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yekhephu. Nangona kunjalo ukuzifihla okunjalo akulunganga xa kusetyenziswa ngokuchasene nesilwanyana esinamandla okubonakalayo e-ultraviolet. Kungenxa yokuba ikhephu liya kubonakalisa ukukhanya okukhulu kwe-ultraviolet ngelixa uboya obumhlophe abubonakalisi imitha ye-UV ngokunjalo. Yiyo loo nto kwiliso elibukhali le-UV umvundla we-arctic ngoku ubonakala ngokulula kuba ubonakala ngokungathi yinto nje engenamthunzi, kunokuba imhlophe ngokuchasene nomhlophe, njengoko kunokubonwa kwimodeli engezantsi.

Ukuba ubuntununtunu obubonakalayo kwi-ultraviolet bubonelela ngezibonelelo ezithile kwizilwanyana ezinjengenja, mhlawumbi umbuzo ekufanele ukuba siyabuza kukuba kutheni ezinye izilwanyana, njengabantu, zingazukuxhamla nokuba zikwazi ukubhalisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Impendulo ibonakala ngathi ivela kwinto yokuba kusoloko kukho urhwebo-ngombono. Unokuba neliso elinobuthathaka kumanqanaba asezantsi okukhanya, anjengeliso lenja, kodwa olovakalelo luza ngexabiso. Ngamafuphi amaza okukhanya (lawo siwabona njengombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye nangakumbi, lawo mafutshane amafutshane amaza esiwabiza ngokuba yi-ultraviolet) athi saa ngokulula njengokuba engena kwiliso. Oku kusasazeka kokukhanya kuhlambalaza umfanekiso kwaye kuwenza ube mfiliba ukuze ungaziboni iinkcukacha. Izinja ezivele kubazingeli basebusuku zinokuthi zigcine amandla wazo okubona ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kuba bafuna ubuntununtunu xa kungekho kukhanya kufutshane. Izilwanyana ezisebenza emini, ezinjengathi singabantu, zixhomekeke ngakumbi kubukrelekrele bethu bokujongana ngokufanelekileyo nehlabathi. Ke sinamehlo acofa i-ultraviolet ukuze siphucule amandla ethu okubona iinkcukacha ezibonakalayo.

Besisoloko sithetha ngesifundo sokuqala esithe sajongana nalo mbono wombono we-canine kwaye iziphumo zawo zazothusa uninzi lwethu olungakhange lucinge ukuba izinja zinokuba nalo olu hlobo longeziweyo lokuziva ubonwayo. Ngokucacileyo uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ukumisela ukuba izinja zixhamla njani kobu buchule. Ndiyathandabuza ukuba luphuculo lokuzivelela oluvumela izinja ukuba zixabise ngakumbi iipowusta zengqondo ezaye zaduma ngeminyaka yee-1970- uyazazi ezo poster zazenziwe ngokusebenzisa ii-inki ezazibengezela phantsi komkhanyiso omnyama okanye ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet . Kodwa kuphela kuphando lwexa elizayo apho siya kuthi siqiniseke.

UStanley Coren ngumbhali weencwadi ezininzi kubandakanya: Oothixo, Iziporho neeNja eziMnyama; Ubulumko bezinja; Ngaba Izinja Ziyaphupha? Uzalelwe iBark; Inja yangoku; Kutheni Izinja Zineempumlo Ezimanzi? I-Pawprints yeMbali; Indlela Izinja Ezicinga ngayo; Indlela Yokuthetha Inja; Kutheni Sithanda Izinja Esizenzayo; Zazi Ntoni Izinja? Ubukrelekrele bezinja; Kutheni le nto Inja yam Yenza Ngolo hlobo? Ukuqonda izinja zeDummies; Amasela okulala; Isifo esiphatha ngesandla sasekhohlo

Ilungelo lokushicilela i-SC Psychological Enterprises Ltd. ayinakuphinda ibhalwe okanye iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde zithunyelwa zangaphendulwa ngaphandle kwemvume

Idatha evela: UR. H. Douglas, G. Jeffery (2014). Ukudluliselwa kombhali kwimithombo yeendaba yeoyile kuphakamisa ukuba uvakalelo lwe-ultraviolet luxhaphakile kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo. Iinkqubo zeRoyal Society B, ngo-Epreli, umqulu wama-281, ikhutshwe ngo-1780.