Ukuzixakekisa ngobuntwana kunokukhokelela ekufundeni ukungancedi

Umxholo

• Yintoni efundwayo yokungabi naluncedo?
• Ngaba abantu banokuphucula ukungafundi?
• Ngaba Ukuzixakekisa ebuntwaneni kukhokelela ekufundeni ukungancedi?

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yamashumi amathandathu, uMartin Seligman kunye noSteven Maier babesenza uphando ngezinja kwaye bebaleka kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania. Le yincoko eyintsomi kunye neakhawunti.

Seligman: ’ Uyibonile lonto? ’

Maier: ’ Intoni?"

Seligman: ’ Inja ivele yanikezela. Yeka nje. Khange azame nokuzama ukubaleka nangona ebothukile ephindelela. Ingathi ufundile ukungabi nakuzinceda .’

Maier: ’ Andiyi kuqikelela ukuba! Kufuneka sifumanise ukuba kutheni isenzeka loo nto. Ufunde ukungancedi. Inomdla kakhulu. "

Seligman: "Ndicinga ukuba sikhubekile kwinto enokubaluleka okude."

Maier: "Ewe. Kungabaluleka njengokuba iPavlov ibeke izinja zakhe ematheni"

Seligman: "Andazi malunga naloo nto, kodwa ndiyayithanda into yokuba uthatha i-psychology eyakhayo."

Yintoni efundwayo yokungabi naluncedo?

UMartin Seligman noSteven Maier bafumanisa umgaqo wengqondo wokungabikho koncedo ekufundeni ngeminyaka yoo-1960 ngelixa babesenza uphando ngezinja. Bafaka izinja kwibhokisi yeshutile enamacala amabini ahlukaniswe ngocingo olufutshane olwalusezantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuba inja igxume. Izinja zabelwa ngokungenamkhethe kwimeko enye yovavanyo. Izinja zikwimeko yokuqala azizange zinxibe umtya othintelayo. Ngokukhawuleza bafunda ukutsiba ngaphaya kocingo ukuze babaleke umbane. Izinja ezikwimeko yesibini zazinxibe ihashe ebathintelayo ukuba bangatsiba ngaphaya kocingo ukuze babalekele umothuko wombane. Emva kokumisa imeko, izinja zikwimeko yesibini azange zizame ukubaleka umothuko wombane nangona bezingathinteleki kwaye bezinokuphuma. Baye bafunda ukungabi namandla.

’Ukungancedi okufundiweyo kwenzeka xa umntu eqhubeka ejongana nemeko engentle, engalawulekiyo kwaye ayeke ukuzama ukutshintsha iimeko zabo, nokuba banakho ukwenza njalo."Psychology Namhlanje."

Ngaba abantu banokuphucula ukungafundi?

Olunye ugxeko-ncomo lophando olungenakunceda ekufundeni kwizimo zelebhu ezilawulwayo kunye nezilwanyana ezinjengeenja, iigundane kunye neempuku kukuba ayinakuguqulela ebantwini kwilizwe lokwenyani. Oko kwathethi, yeyiphi impendulo elula yombuzo othi, "Ngaba abantu banokuphucula ukungabikho koncedo lokufunda?" Ewe.

Ebantwini, ukungabikho koncedo lokufunda kunxulunyaniswa nokudakumba kubantu abadala, uxinzelelo kunye nokuphumelela okuncinci ebantwaneni, unxunguphalo, kunye noxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo.

Ngaba Ukuzixakekisa ebuntwaneni kukhokelela ekufundeni ukungancedi?

Zintathu iindidi zokuzinkcinkca ngobuntwana; Kukhulu kakhulu, uLwakhiwo oluthambileyo, kunye noKondla. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba xa abazali bekhulisa abantwana babo ngokubenzela izinto ekufuneka bebezenzela bona abazali babo baphange abantwana babo izakhono, kwaye ngandlela thile, ezi zenzo zabazali zikhuthaza uhlobo lokungabikho koncedo lokufunda ebantwaneni babo. Abantwana abakhuliswe ngokugqithisileyo baba luncedo. Bakhula bengenazo izakhono abazidingayo ukuze basebenze njengabantu abadala. Akunakunceda. Wahlala. Kwaye kwezinye iimeko; ndiziva ndingenathemba.

Enye yeendlela abazali abafundisa ngayo ukungabi nakunceda kukungafuni ukuba abantwana babo benze imisebenzi yasekhaya. Endaweni yokuba abazali benze yonke imisebenzi kunye nokusebenza ngaphezulu kwabantwana babo. Uninzi lwabo bonke abantwana ababoni ukuba kubalulekile ukuba ilungu ngalinye losapho libe negalelo kwimpilo-ntle yosapho.

Umxholo wezithuba zam ezizayo ziya kuba yimisebenzi kunye nabantwana:

• "Imisebenzi engeyiyo ngexesha loBhubhane iya kubonakalisa abantwana baKho!"
• "Ngaba Abantwana Bakho Baxakeke Kakhulu Ukuba Bangayenza Imisebenzi Yasekhaya"
• "Indlela Yokukhulisa Abafikisayo Abangenakuzinceda"

Ziqhelise noAloha. Yenza zonke izinto ngothando, ngobabalo, nangombulelo.

© 2021 UDavid J. Bredehoft

UNolen-Hoeksema, S., Girgus, J. S., kunye noSeligman, M. E. (1986). Ukufunda ukungancedi ebantwaneni: Isifundo esisekude soxinzelelo, impumelelo, kunye nesitayile sokuchaza. Ijenali yoBuntu kunye neNtlalontle yezeNtlalontle, 51(2), 435–442. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.2.435

UMiller, WR, kunye noSeligman, EP (1976). Uncedo lokufunda, uxinzelelo kunye nembono yokuqiniswa. Uphando lokuziphatha kunye nonyango. 14(1): 7-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967 (76)90039-5

UMaier, uSF (1993). Uncedo lokufunda: Ubudlelwane noloyiko kunye noxinzelelo. Kwi S. C. Stanford & P. ​​Salmon (Eds.), Uxinzelelo: Ukusuka kwi-synapse ukuya kwi-syndrome (iphepha 207-243). Icandelo leendaba.

IBargai, N., Ben-Shakhar, G. kunye ne-Shalev, AY (2007). Ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kubafazi ababethwayo: Indima yokulamla yokufunda ukungancedi. Ijenali yobundlobongela bosapho. 22, 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-007-9078-y

Uthando, H., Cui, M., Hong, P., & McWey, L. M.(2020): Iimbono zabazali kunye nezomntwana zokuziphatha ngokungakhathali kunye neempawu zabantu abadala ezivelayo, Ijenali yeziFundo zoSapho. INGXELO: 10.1080 / 13229400.2020.1794932

IBredehoft, D.J, Mennicke, S. A., Potter, A. M., kunye noClarke, J. I. (1998). Iimbono ezibangelwa ngabantu abadala kukuzinkcinkca ngabazali ebuntwaneni. Ijenali yezeNzululwazi ngezeNzululwazi yaBafundi. 16(2), 3-17.