Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nokulala

Umxholo

• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi Ukufunda
• Kutheni ukuzeyisa kwakho kungaphumeleli kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

Usenokuba uqaphele, njengoko nam ndiye, iingxelo zamva nje kumajelo eendaba malunga nokonyuka okukhulu kwenqanaba lokuzibulala ukusukela ukuphela kweminyaka yoo-1990. Ireyithi inyuke ngaphezulu kwama-25% phakathi ko-1999 no-2016 ngokunyuka kuma-49 kuma-50. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ezinye zezinto ezibangela olu nyuso zinento yokwenza nokwanda kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokusilela kwentsingiselo kumava amaninzi kuluntu lwethu. Nokuba siyintoni na isizathu, ukuzibulala kunokuba nzima kakhulu ekukuqikeleleni kwicandelo lezempilo yengqondo kwaye kuyaphazamisa usapho olusondeleyo kunye nabahlobo abaswelekelwe ngumntu ababathandayo. Kube ngamava am ukuba unyango lwengqondo olujolise ekuncedeni la malungu osapho kunye nabahlobo inokuba yeyona nto ingumceli mngeni omkhulu kunyango oya kuyenza. Ngelixa ndicinga ngale nto, ndakhumbula ukuzibulala okulusizi kukaRobin Williams. Wayenengxaki yoxinzelelo kwaye kubonakala ukuba wafunda ukuba wayenamanqanaba okuqala esifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kangangokuba waye wakhetha ukuzibulala. Kwintsapho yakhe kunye nabalandeli abaninzi esi yayisisiganeko esibuhlungu.

Ukufumanisa isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okanye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunokuba nzima kwizigulana nakumalungu osapho. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuthe chu kufunyaniswa xa abantu bekhula kwaye beneengxaki zokuqonda rhoqo kunalezo zinabantu abakwiminyaka efanayo. Zibandakanya iingxaki ezinje ngokulibala rhoqo ulwazi olufunyenwe kutshanje, ukulibala imicimbi ebalulekileyo njengokuqeshwa koogqirha, ukuziva uxinezelekile ngenxa yokwenza izigqibo, kunye nokufumana izigqibo ezingalunganga. Olu tshintsho lubaluleke ngokwaneleyo ukuba izihlobo kunye nosapho baziqaphele. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuthobekileyo kunokuba sisandulela sesifo se-Alzheimer kwaye kusenokwenzeka rhoqo ngenxa yohlobo olufanayo lweenguqu ezenzeka kwingqondo ngexesha lokukhula kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo emnene sisimo esiphakathi sokungasebenzi kakuhle kwengqondo phakathi kokubonwa kukwaluphala okuqhelekileyo kunye nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo (UPeteren, R. C., 2011). Ngokwesiqhelo, inkumbulo iyancipha kunye nobudala, kodwa hayi kwinqanaba lokuba lonakalisa ukusebenza kwesiqhelo. Inani elincinci kakhulu labantu, elijikeleze omnye kwi-100, linokuhamba ebomini ngaphandle kokuncipha kwengqondo. Abanye bethu abanathamsanqa. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ebuthathaka kufunyaniswa xa ukwehla kokusebenza kwengqondo kukhulu kunokuba kunokulindelwa kwisiseko sokuguga kuphela. Phakathi kwabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-20% bahlangabezana neekhrayitheriya zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuphakathi. Ngelishwa, uphononongo lubonakalisile ukuba uninzi lwabantu abanokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuphakathi, basemngciphekweni okhulayo wokuba nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Kulabo abanokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuthe chu, imisebenzi efana nokuhlawula amatyala kunye nokuya ezivenkileni kuya kusiba nzima. Ndihlala ndiphawula uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo lokuba oku kuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubangela izigulana.

Uphengululo loncwadi oluqhutywa nguDa Silva (2015) wafumanisa ukuba ukuphazamiseka kokulala kuhlala kwenzeka kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kwaye uxele ukwehla kwengqondo kubantu abadala abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukuchonga nokunyanga ukuphazamiseka kubuthongo kubantu abanokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuthobekileyo kunye nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunokunceda ukugcina ukuqonda, kunye nokubeka esweni ukuphazamiseka kokulala kwizigulana ezinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuncinci kunokunceda ekuchongeni iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. I-Cassidy-Eagle kunye neSiebern (2017) Qaphela ukuba phantse ama-40% abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala baxela uhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kokulala kwaye iipesenti ezingama-70 zabo baneminyaka engaphezulu kwama-65 ubudala banezigulo ezine okanye ezingaphezulu zokuziphatha kakubi. Njengokuba abantu bekhula, ukulala kuyahlukana kwaye ubuthongo obunzulu buyancipha. Njengoko bekhula, abantu bathambekele ekubeni bangasebenzi kwaye bangabi sempilweni, nto leyo enegalelo ekunyukeni kweengxaki ezinje ngokulala. Olu tshintsho lwenzeka rhoqo kwaye ngakumbi nangakumbi kubantu abanokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuphakathi. Ukuchitha ixesha elininzi ebhedini uphaphile kwaye uthatha ixesha elide ukulala kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko okhulayo wokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okanye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kubantu abadala.

Ngethamsanqa, unyango lokuziphatha lufunyenwe lusebenza kakuhle ekunyangeni ukungalali kubantu abadala njengoko kunjalo nakwabancinci. Uninzi lwabantu abadala bafumanisa ukuba unyango lokuziphatha luyamkeleka ngakumbi kunonyango lwekhemesti, ngokuyinxenye, kuba alunaziphumo zingalunganga ezinxulumene nolawulo lwamayeza okungalali. UCassidy-Eagle kunye noSiebern (2017) basebenzise ungenelelo lokuziphatha olunikezelwa sisazinzulu ngengqondo kubantu abadala abangama-28 abaneminyaka yobudala engama-89.36 yeminyaka, abaye bahlangabezana neenqobo zokungalali kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuthe chu. Olu ngenelelo lonyango lubangele ukuphucuka kokulala kunye nokuphuculwa kwamanyathelo okusebenza olawulo njengokucwangcisa kunye nenkumbulo. Oku kubonisa ukuba unyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo lunokuba luncedo ngoncedo kwizigulana ezinengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Olunye uphando luya kufuneka ukuphonononga ngokupheleleyo izibonelelo ezinokubakho zonyango lonyango lokungalali kwezi zigulana.

Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sisifo i-Alzheimer's, isifo sika-Parkinson nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esinemizimba yeLeyy, isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo, isifo sikaHuntington, isifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob kunye nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.Uninzi lwabantu luyazi kakuhle isifo i-Alzheimer kunye nesifo sika-Parkinson nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ngapha koko, isifo i-Alzheimer sesona sizathu sokudodobala kwengqondo ebudaleni. Isifo sikaParkinson siyaziwa kwaye sihlala sinxulunyaniswa nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-80 zezigulana zikaParkinson ziya kukhula ngenqanaba elithile lesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kwisithuba seminyaka esibhozo. Phakathi kwama-40% nama-60% ezigulana ezinesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zichaphazeleka kukungalali. Ukuphuthelwa yenye yeengxaki zokulala ezinokubenza nzima ubomi kunye nonyango lwezigulana ezinesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Kuyaziwa ukuba ukwanda kokuphazamiseka kokulala, kunye notshintsho lwe-EEG olunokubonwa kwipolysomnografi, zihlala zisiba mandundu kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Isifo se-Alzheimer sisifo se-neurodeergenerative kunye nokwehla okuqhubekayo kwimemori kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo ngexesha. Ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-25 zezigulana ezine-Alzheimer's ukuya kwi-moderation kunye ne-50% enesifo esimodareyithayo ukuya kwisifo esibi esineengxaki zokulala. Oku kubandakanya ukulala nokungalali kakhulu emini. Mhlawumbi ezona ngxaki zinzulu zokulala sisimo esidibanisa "ukutshona kwelanga", apho izigulana ngeeyure zangokuhlwa zihlala ziqala ukuba nemeko efana ne-delirium ngokudideka, ixhala, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokuziphatha okukhohlakeleyo okunokubakho. Ukubhadula kude nekhaya. Ewe, ubunzima bokulala kwezi zigulana ngoyena mntu unegalelo kumalungiselelo kwangoko, kwaye ukubhadula rhoqo kukhokelela kwisidingo sokuba ezi zigulana zihlale kwiiyunithi ezivaliweyo.

Isifo sikaParkinson nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sinxulunyaniswa neengxaki zokulala ezibalulekileyo kubandakanya nemibono enokuthi inxulunyaniswe nezinto zokulala ze-REM ezivela ngexesha lokuvuka, ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokuziphatha yokulala ngexesha apho abantu benza amaphupha, kunye nokwehla komgangatho wokulala. Ezi ngxaki zinokuba nzima kakhulu kwizigulana, kwiintsapho zabo nakubanakekeli babo.

Ezona ngxaki ziphambili zokulala abaguli abanazo zonke iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kukungalali, ukulala kakhulu emini, ukuguqula isingqisho kunye nokuhamba okugqithileyo ebusuku njengokukhaba imilenze, ukwenza amaphupha nokuzula. Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuncedeni ukunyanga ezi ngxaki kukuba oogqirha babo bachonge ubuthongo obongezelelweyo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwezonyango ukuze banyangwe ukuze bancede ukuphucula ezi ngxaki. Umzekelo, abaguli banokuba nesifo semilenze esingazolanga, i-apnea yokulala, uxinzelelo, iintlungu, okanye iingxaki zesinyi, zonke ezinokuphazamisa ukulala. Unyango lwezi ngxaki lunokunceda ukunciphisa ukulala nokungalali kakhulu emini. Iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye namayeza asetyenziselwa ukubanyanga anokuba negalelo kwiingxaki zokulala kwizigulana ezinesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Umzekelo unokubakho ukwanda kokungalali okubangelwa kukusebenzisa amayeza okunyanga uxinzelelo ukunyanga uxinzelelo.

Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi Ukufunda

Kutheni ukuzeyisa kwakho kungaphumeleli kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo