Ubukrelekrele beemvakalelo abuloncedo kwii-Psychopaths

Ingqondo yengqondo sisifo esaziwayo sobuntu esibonakaliswa kukungakhathali, iimvakalelo ezinzulu, kunye nokuzimisela ukukhohlisa abanye abantu ngeenjongo zokuzingca (Mvundla, 1999). Ukusilela kweemvakalelo kubonakala kuyinto ephambili yokunyanga kwengqondo. Umzekelo, bukhona ubungqina bokuba ii-psychopaths azinantlukwano yempendulo eqhelekileyo kumagama achukumisayo nangathathi hlangothi, kwaye kunokuba nokukhubazeka ekuqwalaselweni kobuso beemvakalelo, nangona ubungqina bungahambelani ngokupheleleyo (Ermer, Kahn, Salovey, & Kiehl, 2012). Abanye abaphandi basebenzise iimvavanyo "zengqondo yobukrelekrele" (i-EI) ukuze baqonde ngcono ukusilela kweemvakalelo kwisifo sengqondo, kunye neziphumo ezithile ezixubeneyo (iLishner, Swim, Hong, & Vitacco, 2011). Ndingatsho ukuba iimvavanyo zobukrelekrele bemvakalelo akunakulindeleka ukuba zibonakalise ukubaluleka kwale ndawo kuba zinesidima kwaye azibalulekanga kangako kwingqondo.

Mhlawumbi olona vavanyo lubalaseleyo lobukrelekrele bemvakalelo namhlanje luvavanyo lukaMeya-Salovey-Caruso lweeMvakalelo zoBukrelekrele (i-MSCEIT), ethi ibe ngumlinganiso wokuqonda, ukuqonda nokulawula iimvakalelo kuye nakwabanye. Izakhono ekucingelwa ukuba zinokulinganiswa zinokuhlelwa ngokwamacandelo amabini: i-EI yamava (ukubona iimvakalelo kunye "nokwenza lula ingcinga") kunye ne-EI yeqhinga (ukuqonda nokulawula iimvakalelo). Ukuqonda iimvakalelo ezingaphantsi kwesicatshulwa ekuthiwa sisalathiso esinamandla sobuchule bokuqonda. Ii-Psychopaths ziyaqatshelwa ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenkxalabo kwabanye, ukanti uphononongo lwamadoda avalelweyo afunyaniswe eneempawu zengqondo akafumananga unxibelelwano phakathi kwamava e-EI kunye nonyango lwengqondo (Ermer, et al., 2012). Unxibelelwano phakathi kokubona imvakalelo esezantsi kunye nemilinganiselo yengqondo yayikufuphi ne-zero. Ii-Psychopaths kufanele ukuba zinqongophele kuvelwano kodwa khange zibonakale ngathi zinqongophele ekuboneni ngokuchanekileyo iimvakalelo kolu phononongo. Oku kuphakamisa nokuba inqanaba lokuqonda ngokweemvakalelo ayisosalathiso esifanelekileyo sobuchule bokuqonda okanye ukuba ngandlel 'ithile ii-psychopaths azinalo uvelwano. Mhlawumbi i-psychopaths iyazibona iimvakalelo ngokuchanekileyo kwabanye kodwa ingxaki kukuba azishukunyiswa zizo. Ngamanye amazwi, bayayazi indlela abanye abavakalelwa ngayo kodwa abakhathali.

Olu phononongo lunye lufumene unxibelelwano oluncinci olubi phakathi kwe- "qhinga le-EI" kunye neempawu zengqondo, ngakumbi kwi- "ukulawula iimvakalelo". Ebusweni bayo, oku kunokubonakala ngathi kubonisa ukuba ii-psychopaths azilunganga kulawulo lweemvakalelo ngokwazo okanye kwabanye. Okanye ngaba kunjalo? Ngokwengcali yengqondo uRobert Hare, ii-psychopaths zikhuthazwa kakhulu ukuba zisebenzise abanye kwaye ziyakhawuleza ukuba zifundwe ngezizathu zabantu kunye nokuba sesichengeni ngokweemvakalelo ukuze babaxhaphaze (uMvundla, 1999). Abanye abantu abasebenza ngengqondo bayaziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwabo komtsalane ongaphezulu ukuze badibanise abanye abantu ngokuthembela kubo, becebisa ukuba yenza qonda indlela yokusebenzisa iimvakalelo zabantu, hayi ngendlela enqwenelekayo ekuhlaleni. Umnqweno wentlalontle unokunceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni ii-psychopaths zibonakala zinamanqaku amabi kuvavanyo lokulawula iimvakalelo kwaye kuthetha ntoni oku.

Ukulawulwa kweemvakalelo ezingaphantsi kucela umntu ukuba athathele ingqalelo imeko ebandakanya iimvakalelo kwabanye kwaye akhethe eyona "ilungileyo" okanye "eyona isebenzayo" impendulo (Ermer, et al., 2012). I-Scoringis ihlala isekwe kwindlela yokuvumelana ngokubanzi, oko kuthetha ukuba impendulo "echanekileyo" yeyona ikhethwe njengeyona ilungileyo sisininzi sabantu ekuphononongwe kubo. Kukwakhona "ingcali" yokufumana amanqaku, apho impendulo echanekileyo iyeyona ixhaswe liqela elibizwa ngokuba "ziingcali", nangona kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini, ucebisa ukuba iingcali ziyavumelana uninzi lwabantu. Yiyo loo nto, ukuba ukhetha impendulo uninzi lwabantu oluvumelana nawe lunokuthathwa ngokuba "lukrelekrele ngokwasemphefumlweni". Oku kwahluke mpela kwiimvavanyo zobukrelekrele ngokubanzi apho abantu abakrelekrele kakhulu banokuvelisa iimpendulo ezichanekileyo kwimibuzo enzima apho uninzi lwabantu lungekhe (Brody, 2004).

Ngamanye amagama, ulawulo olusebenzayo lweemvakalelo luvavanya ukuqinisekiswa kwemilinganiselo yentlalo. Amanyathelo e-EI ayilelwe ukuvavanya kuphela ukusetyenziswa okwamkelekileyo kolwazi lweemvakalelo (U-Ermer, et al., 2012). Ii-Psychopaths kwelinye icala ngokubanzi azinamdla wokulandela izithethe zentlalo, njengoko ii-ajenda zengqondo ezinje ngokudibanisa nokuxhaphaza abantu zihlala zingathandwa. Ke ngoko, amanqaku abo kwiimvavanyo zobukrelekrele beemvakalelo banokubonisa ukungabikho komdla wabo ekulandeleni imigaqo-nkqubo yezentlalo endaweni yokunqongophala kokuqonda ukuba yeyiphi le migaqo. Ababhali bolunye uphando kubuchule be-EI kunye nonyango lwengqondo (Lishner, et al., 2011) bavumile ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abanasikhuthazo esincinci sokuvelisa iimpendulo "ezichanekileyo", ke bekungacaci nokuba unxibelelwano olubi abalufumeneyo phakathi kwengqondo kunye nolawulo lweemvakalelo ezilawulayo ibonakalise intsilelo yokwenyani okanye ukungabikho kwenkuthazo yokuhambelana. Uvavanyo lwe-EI luye lwagxekwa njengenyathelo lokuhambelana, ke amanyathelo e-EI anje ngeMSCEIT isenokungabi ngamanyathelo asemthethweni okuba bavavanye ukungqinelana kunokuba nobuchule. Amanyathelo e-EI njengokuvavanywa kolawulo lweemvakalelo ulwazi , kodwa ungavavanyi okwenyani ubuchule ejongene neemvakalelo (UBrody, 2004). Oko kukuthi, umntu unokuba eyazi into ekufuneka eyenzile xa ejongene nomntu onemvakalelo, kodwa ngokwenza oko banokuthi okanye bangabinabo ubuchule okanye amandla okwenza oko. Ngaphaya koko, nokuba umntu usebenzisa ulwazi lwabo kubomi bemihla ngemihla ayisiyongxaki kwaphela yobukrelekrele, kuba inokuxhomekeka kwimikhwa, ukuthembeka kunye nenkuthazo (uLocke, 2005).

Kwangokunjalo ngokubhekisele kwii-psychopaths, inyani yokuba azixhasi iimpendulo "ezichanekileyo" kuvavanyo lwe-EI ayithethi ukuba abanalo uhlobo oluthile "lobukrelekrele" obufunekayo ukuze baqonde iimvakalelo, kuba uvavanyo ngokwalo aluyomilinganiselo yobukrelekrele (Locke , 2005) kodwa enye yokuhambelana nemigaqo yentlalo. Ngokwenkcazo, ii-psychopaths ziyityeshela imigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu, ke uvavanyo alubonakali ngathi lusixelela nantoni na esele singayazi.Amanyathelo okuzixela akhoyo akhoyo, kodwa akucaci nokuba ayalinganisa na amandla okulawula ngempumelelo iimvakalelo zabanye abantu ukuze azuze buqu (Ermer, et al., 2012). Ukuqonda ukusilela kweemvakalelo kunyango lweengqondo kubonakala kubalulekile ekuqondeni le nto ibalulekileyo nephazamisayo kodwa ndingatsho ukuba ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo lobukrelekrele ngokweemvakalelo kunokwenzeka ukuba kube sisiphelo esifileyo kuba amanyathelo awavumelekanga kwaye awazisombululi iingxaki ezingundoqo zovakalelo kwesi sifo. Ii-Psychopaths zibonakala ngathi zichonga ngokuchanekileyo iimvakalelo zabanye abantu kodwa azibonakali ngathi zinempendulo eqhelekileyo ngokweemvakalelo ngokwazo. Uphando olujolise ekubeni kutheni le meko inokubonakala ngathi iyindlela evelisa ngakumbi yophando.

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Izalathiso

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