Fumanisa ukuba yintoni eyenza ukuba ukhathaze

Umxholo

• Ubuntu buFundwe ngokuBalulekileyo
• Inyani malunga nokuphazamiseka kobuntu

Ukuba wakhe wabuzwa lo mbuzo “Yintoni ekwenza ukhathaze?” usenokuba ukufumene kunzima ukuphendula kunokuba ubucinga. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuba awuzazi, ngubani owaziyo? Isizathu sokuba lo mbuzo unzima ukuwuphendula kukuba asihlali sicinga ngeengcinga zethu ezisisiseko, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha. Ngokufunda malunga nethiyori enkulu yobuchwephesha, uya kuzazi ngokwakho ukuba kutheni usenza into oyenzayo kwaye njani, ukuba uyafuna, ungatshintsha.

Unokucinga ukuba i-psychology igqibe kudala ukuba ichaza njani ubuntu. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, le yenye yeekhonsepthi ezisisiseko ezifundwa ngoochwephesha bezengqondo. Kuyavela ukuba kukho phantse iinkcazo ezininzi zobuntu njengoko kukho iingcali zengqondo. Ukusuka kumaFreudiya ukuya kumaSkinneriya, nayo yonke into ephakathi, iingcali zengqondo zibonelela ngeenkcazo ezibonisa ifilosofi yazo ezisisiseko malunga nezinto ezisisiseko sendalo yoluntu.

Ukuba awunikwa kwiingxoxo zefilosofi kwaye ungathanda ukwazi ukuba uziqonda njani, likho ithemba. Uninzi lweesayikholojisti ziyavuma kwinkcazo yokusebenza kobuntu ukubakhokela emsebenzini wabo wobungcali, kuphando, nakwimpilo yobuqu, obo buntu ziimpawu zomntu zokuziva okanye zokuziphatha. Iingcali ezahlukeneyo zengqondo zigxininisa iimvakalelo, indlela yokuziphatha, kunye nezizathu ezibangela ukuba abantu bazive kwaye baziphathe ngeendlela ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, zonke iingcali zengqondo zijonga ubuntu njengophawu lomntu, okuthetha ukuba sisiseko somahluko phakathi komntu nomntu.

Ukuqhubela phambili ngale nkcazo isisiseko, masiqhubeke sibone ukuba ungafunda ntoni kwabona bantu bacinga nzulu ngengqondo.

Iimpawu zengqondo zobuntu

Nasiphi na isikhokelo esifanelekileyo kubuntu kufuneka siqale ngoFreud, otyholwa ngokufumanisa ingqondo engekho zingqondweni. Ngokuka-Freud, ubuntu bakho bubonakalisa ubudlelwane obuntsonkothileyo phakathi kokuqonda kunye nokungazi nto njengoko ujongene nemiceli mngeni yobomi bakho. Sonke silawulwa ziimfuno zokuqala esingazaziyo, uFrud wakholwa. Sichitha ubomi bethu sizama ukuhlangabezana nezo mfuno ngelixa, ngaxeshanye, siqhubeka nobudlelwane bethu kunye nezinto esizenzayo emsebenzini ("uthando nomsebenzi," njengoko uFreud angatsho).

Nangona iingcali zengqondo zangoku zingathengi yonke ithiyori kaFreud, bayavuma (ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi) ukuba into efana neendlela zokhuselo isikhokela indlela esiziphatha ngayo. Ukuzikhusela kuxinzelelo, sakha iindonga zokuzikhusela ezigcina iingqondo zethu ezingqondiyo zingazamkeli iingcinga neemvakalelo zethu ezingafunekiyo.

Ithiyori kaFreud ikwavule indlela yokuba kamva izazi ngengqondo zifumane ukuqonda "ngeentlobo" zobuntu ezinje nge-introvert, i-narcissist, kunye ne-neurotic. Okumangalisayo kukuba, nangona sicinga ngethiyori yengqondo njengokugxininisa kutyekelo lokuzalwa (njengokuqhuba ngokwesondo), amaFreudiya kunye neo-Freudians banike ubunzima ngakumbi ekukhuliseni kunakwindalo enefuthe kuphuhliso. Umzekelo, ii-narcissists zibandakanyeka ekuzibonakaliseni uthando olugqithisileyo ngenxa yengqwalaselo enkulu okanye encinci kubazali babo.

Abaliqela koogxa bakhe abasondeleyo ekugqibeleni benza uhlobo lweFreudian Brat Pack kwaye bahlukana nokugxininisa kwakhe kwisini nakwezinye izinto eziphambili. Enye yezona zibalulekileyo nguCarl Jung, owathatha ezinye zeengcamango zikaFreud waza wazisebenzisa ukuphuhlisa umzekelo wakhe weentlobo zobuntu. NguJung ngenene osinike amagama athi "introvert" kunye "extravert" njengoko siwaqonda namhlanje. UJung uphinde wagxininisa ubume obunzulu bengqondo obuqhelekileyo kubo bonke abantu. Wayekholelwa ekubeni sonke sinee “archetypes” ezizezokuphendula kwimixholo ethile yendalo iphela. Omnye wemixholo enjalo yi "hero" archetype ethi, ngokuka Jung, yenziwe isebenze xa siphendula abalinganiswa abanjengo Batman, Superman, okanye noYesu Krestu. Sitsaleleke kwaba balinganiswa kuba le mifanekiso ibhalwe ezingqondweni zethu ezingaziwayo.

Eyona nto iphambili kukuba ithiyori yengqondo igxininisa iinxalenye zengqondo yakho ekuchaphazela mihla le, eqhubeka ngaphakathi kuwe ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho.

Ubuntu njengeseti yokuziphatha

Iithiyori zokuziphatha zichaza ukuba asinabo "ubuntu." Ngokwethiyori yokuziphatha njengoko kuchaziwe ngomnye wabaqali bayo, uBF Skinner, siphendula kwiziganeko kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla ngesiseko semikhwa esiyifumeneyo.Ubuntu bethu, ngokweendlela zokuziphatha, akukho ngaphezulu kwengqokelela yeendlela zokuphendula esizifundileyo ngokuqinisa kunye nemeko.

Iimpawu zakho ezizodwa, ngokweendlela zokuziphatha, zibonisa amava amaninzi okhe wazifumana ukususela ekuzalweni ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukuba awubuthandi ubuntu bakho, abantu abaziphethe kakuhle bakholelwa ukuba ungabutshintsha ngokulungisa imikhwa yokusingqongileyo ekuchaphazelayo. Abaziphatha kakuhle ngabona banethemba, ngeendlela ezininzi, malunga nokutshintsha kobuntu.

Ubuntu buFundwe ngokuBalulekileyo

Inyani malunga nokuphazamiseka kobuntu