I-Genetic Psychology: Iyintoni kwaye yaphuhliswa njani nguJean Piaget

Umxholo

• Ingqondo yezenzululwazi yenye yeendawo zophando ezikhuthaziweyo nguJean ìaget.
• I-genetic psychology: yintoni le nto?
• UJean Piaget njengesalathiso
• Ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo yezofuzo
• Ukuphuhliswa kwengcinga
• UPiaget wayeliqonda njani ulwazi?

Ingqondo yezenzululwazi yenye yeendawo zophando ezikhuthaziweyo nguJean ìaget.

Igama lesayikholoji yemfuza lisenokungaziwa kwabaninzi, kwaye ngaphezulu kwesinye kuya kwenza ukuba ucinge ngokuziphatha, nangona kunjalo, njengoko kwenziwe nguPiaget, eli candelo lesifundo seengqondo alinanto yakwenza nofuzo.

Isayikholoji yemfuza ijolise ekufumaneni nasekuchazeni uhlobo lwengcinga yomntu kuphuhliso lonke yomntu ngamnye. Masiqwalasele ngakumbi lo mbono ungezantsi.

I-genetic psychology: yintoni le nto?

Isayikholoji yemfuza yintsimi yengqondo enoxanduva lokuphanda iinkqubo zokucinga, ukwenziwa kwazo kunye neempawu zazo. Zama ukubona ukuba imisebenzi yengqondo ikhula njani ukususela ebuntwaneni, kwaye ujonge iinkcazo ezinengqiqo ngazo. Intsimi yengqondo yaphuhliswa ngenxa yegalelo likaJean Piaget, Isayikholojisti ebaluleke kakhulu eSwitzerland ngekhulu lama-20, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kwinkqubo yonxibelelaniso.

UPiaget, ngokwembono yakhe yonxibelelaniso, wamisa ukuba zonke iinkqubo zokucinga kunye neempawu ezizezinye zengqondo zizinto ezenziwa kubomi bonke. Izinto ezinokuthi zibe nefuthe kuphuhliso lwesitayile esithile sokucinga kunye nolwazi olunxulumene noko kunye nobukrelekrele iya kuba, ngokusisiseko, nayiphi na impembelelo yangaphandle efunyanwa ngumntu ebomini bakhe.

Kungenzeka ukuba igama lengqondo yemfuza lilahlekisa ekucingeni ukuba linento yokwenza nokufundwa kwemfuza kunye ne-DNA ngokubanzi; Nangona kunjalo, kunokuthiwa eli candelo lesifundo alinanto yokwenza nelifa lezinto eziphilayo. Le psychology yimfuza njengoko kunjalo ijongana ne-genesis yeenkqubo zengqondoOko kukuthi, nini, njani kwaye kutheni iingcinga zabantu zenziwa.

UJean Piaget njengesalathiso

Njengoko sele sibonile, oyena mmeli ubalaseleyo kwingqondo yesayensi yezemvelo ngumntu kaJean Piaget, othathelwa ingqalelo, ngakumbi kuphuhliso lwengqondo, enye yeengcali zengqondo ezinempembelelo ngalo lonke ixesha, kunye noFreud. kunye noLusu.

UPiaget, emva kokufumana ugqirha kwibhayoloji, waqala nzulu kwisayikholoji, ephantsi koqeqesho lukaCarl Jung no-Eugen Bleuler. Emva kwexesha elithile, waqala wasebenza njengomfundisi-ntsapho kwisikolo saseFrance, apho wayeqala khona ukunxibelelana nendlela abantwana ababekhula ngayo ngengqondo, eyamkhokelela ekubeni aqalise izifundo zakhe kuphuhliso lwengqondo.

Ngelixa wayelapho, waba nomdla wokuqonda ukuba iinkqubo zokucinga zenziwa njani ukusuka ebuntwaneni, ukongeza ekubeni nomdla kuyo ngokubona ukuba loluphi utshintsho olwenzekayo kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba elalikuyo usana kwaye ingayichaphazela njani le nto, ixesha elide, ebusheni nasekubeni mdala kwabo.

Nangona izifundo zakhe zokuqala yayiyinto engazange iqatshelwe, yayiqala kwiminyaka yamashumi amathandathu aqala ukufumana ukubalasela okukhulu kwisayensi yokuziphatha kwaye, ngakumbi, kuphuhliso lwengqondo.

UPiaget wayefuna ukwazi ukuba lwenziwa njani ulwazi kwaye, ngakumbi, ukuba ludlula njani ukusuka kulwazi olusana olusebenzayo, apho iinkcazo ezilula zininzi kwaye zincinci kude ukusuka 'apha nangoku', ukuya kwezintsonkothileyo, njengomntu omdala, Ukucinga okungafunekiyo kunendawo.

Le ngcali yeengqondo yayingengomakhi ukusuka ekuqaleni. Xa wayeqala uphando, wayechaphazeleka kwiimpembelelo ezininzi. UJung noBreuler, awayefundiselwa phantsi kwakhe, babesondele kufundo lwengqondo kunye ne-eugenic ithiyori, ngelixa imeko ngokubanzi kuphando yayiyimpiricist kunye nengqiqo, ngamanye amaxesha ikufutshane nokuziphatha. Nangona kunjalo, uPiaget wayeyazi indlela yokukhupha okona kulungileyo kwisebe ngalinye, esamkela isikhundla sohlobo lwentsebenzo.

I-psychology yokuziphatha, ekhokelwa nguBurrhus Frederic Skinner, yayiyeyona ikhuselweyo ngoku ngabo bazama, ngokwembono yesayensi, ukuchaza indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu. Eyona ndlela yokuziphatha ibaluleke kakhulu ibukhusele obo buntu kunye namandla engqondo axhomekeke ngendlela efanelekileyo kwisikhuthazo sangaphandle esiveliswe ngumntu.

Nangona uPiaget wayikhusela le ngcamango, yena ikwaqwalasele imiba yokuqiqa. Iirationalists ziqwalasele ukuba umthombo wolwazi usekwe kwisizathu sethu, eyinto engaphakathi ngakumbi kunaleyo yayikhuselwa ziimpiricists kwaye yiyo loo nto esenza ukuba silitolike ilizwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

Yiyo loo nto uPiaget wakhetha umbono apho wadibanisa zombini ukubaluleka kwemiba yangaphandle yomntu kunye nesizathu sakhe kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukuqonda phakathi kokufanele ukufundwa, ukongeza kwindlela efunda ngayo loo mvuselelo.

UPiaget waqonda ukuba okusingqongileyo sesona sizathu siphambili sokuphuhliswa kwengqondo nganye nganye, nangona kunjalo, indlela umntu asebenzisana ngayo naloo meko inye ikwabalulekile, nto leyo ebangela ukuba baphele bekhulisa ulwazi oluthile olutsha.

Ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo yezofuzo

Nje ukuba umbono wakhe wokunxibelelana kweengcinga usekwe, okwagqibela ukuguqulwa ube yi-Piagetian constructivism njengoko iqondwa namhlanje, UPiaget wenza uphando ukuze acacise ngakumbi ukuba luyintoni na ukukhula kwengqondo kwabantwana.

Ekuqaleni, isayikholojisti yaseSwitzerland yaqokelela idatha ngendlela efanayo nendlela ekwenziwa ngayo kuphando lwemveli, nangona kunjalo wayengayithandi le nto, ngenxa yesi sizathu wakhetha ukuyila eyakhe indlela yokuphanda abantwana. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho ukujongwa kwendalo, ukuvavanywa kwamatyala ezonyango, kunye nonyango lwengqondo.

Njengoko ekuqaleni wayenxibelelana ne-psychoanalysis, ngexesha lakhe njengomphandi wayengenakukuphepha ukusebenzisa ubuchwephesha obuqhelekileyo beli zengqondo; Nangona kunjalo, kamva waqonda ukuba incinci kangakanani indlela yengqondo ye-psychoanalytic.

Endleleni yakhe ezama ukuqonda ukuba ingcinga yomntu iveliswa njani kuphuhliso lonke kwaye ecacisa ngakumbi oko wayekuqonda njengesiayikholojensi yemfuza, uPiaget wabhala incwadi apho wazama ukubamba izinto azifumanisileyo kwaye waveza eyona ndlela yokujongana nophando lwengqondo. ebuntwaneni: Ulwimi kunye nokucinga kubantwana abancinci .

Ukuphuhliswa kwengcinga

Ngaphakathi kwengqondo yezofuzo, nakwisandla sikaPiaget, amanye amanqanaba okukhula kwengqondo acetyisiwe, esivumela ukuba siqonde ukuvela kwezinto ezibunjwe ngengqondo zabantwana.

La manqanaba ngala alandelayo, esiya kuthi sijongane nawo ngokukhawuleza okukhulu kwaye sigqamisa ngokulula iinkqubo zengqondo ezigqamileyo kuzo nganye yazo.

UPiaget wayeliqonda njani ulwazi?

KuPiaget, ulwazi aluyiyo imeko emileyo, kodwa yinkqubo esebenzayo. Umxholo ozama ukwazi umbandela othile okanye inyani yenyani iyatshintsha ngokwento azama ukuyazi. Oko kukuthi, kukho ukuhlangana phakathi kwesihloko kunye nolwazi.

I-Empiricism ikhusele umbono ophikisana ne-Piagetian. I-empiricists yatsho ukuba ulwazi yinto engesiso, apho isifundo sibandakanya ulwazi olusuka kumava anengqiqo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungenelela simjikeleze ukuze sifumane olu lwazi lutsha.

Nangona kunjalo, umbono we-empiricist akavumeli ukuba uchaze ngendlela ethembekileyo ukuba uluvo lokucinga kunye nolwazi olutsha lwenzeka njani kubomi bokwenyani. Umzekelo woku sinawo nesayensi, eqhubela phambili rhoqo. Ayikwenzi oko ngokujonga nje umhlaba, kodwa ngokwenza i-hypothesizing, ukulungisa iingxoxo kunye neendlela zovavanyo, ezahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiziphumo ezenziwe.