Ukukhula Ngamaxesha Angazange Abonwe
Ubhubhane we-COVID-19 uyitshintshile indlela abantu abaphila ngayo, abasebenza ngayo, nabanxibelelana ngayo. Imigaqo yokuphambuka eluntwini kunye nemigaqo yokuvalelwa yedwa ichaphazele iinkalo ezininzi zokuziphatha kwabantu abadala kunye nabantwana ngokufanayo. Ezi zithintelo zinempembelelo enkulu kwindlela abantwana abafunda ngayo, abadlala ngayo, kwaye basebenze ngokukuko. Kubantwana abaninzi, izikhokelo ezisemthethweni zilinganisele ixesha abalichitha kwiindawo zikawonkewonke ezinjengeepaki kunye neendawo zokudlala (URhulumente waseCanada, 2020). Ukongeza, uninzi lwabantwana bahamba isikolo phantse inxenye okanye iveki yonke (Moore et al., 2020). Ubhubhane unefuthe elibanzi kwimpilo yengqondo yabantwana nakwishumi elivisayo. Amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo, uxinzelelo, kunye noxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo sele zichongiwe phakathi kwabantwana kwihlabathi liphela (UDe Miranda et al., 2020).
Abazali kunye nabaphandi bazifumene bexhalabile ngokufanelekileyo malunga nendlela le ndlela yokuphila iguquka ngayo echaphazela impilo yabantwana. Amanani asempilweni omsebenzi womzimba, ixesha elilinganiselweyo lesikrini, kunye nokulala ngokwaneleyo kufaka isandla ekukhuleni komzimba kunye nengqondo yabantwana (UCarson et al., 2016). Ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zichaphazela kakhulu impilo yengqondo yabantwana kunye nokuchaphazeleka kukuphazamiseka ngokweemvakalelo. Amanqanaba asempilweni okulala kunye nexesha lesikrini kunye nomsebenzi owaneleyo womzimba zihambelana nempilo yengqondo ephuculweyo (Imozuluson et al., 2020).
Ngaphambi kwe-COVID-19, iingcali zezempilo kunye namagosa aseburhulumenteni basebenze ukuphuhlisa izikhokelo zomsebenzi weeyure ezingama-24 zabantwana. Ezi ngcebiso zibandakanya izixa eziphakanyisiweyo zezi zinto zintathu ziphambili zokuziphatha- zomzimba, ixesha lokuhlala, kunye nokulala-kuxelwe liqela leminyaka (Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, 2019; UCarson et al., 2016). Ezi xabiso ziboniswe kule theyibhile ingezantsi.
Impembelelo ye-COVID-19 kwiiMpawu zeMpilo yaBantwana
Ngaphandle kokumangalisa, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba abantwana (abaneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-11) nolutsha (abaneminyaka eli-12 ukuya kweli-17) bachitha ixesha elincinci bezibandakanya ngokwasemzimbeni kwaye ixesha elininzi bengasebenzi ngexesha lobhubhane. Kuphela yi-18.2 yeepesenti yabathathi-nxaxheba abafunyenwe behlangabezana nezikhokelo zomsebenzi womzimba. Ngokukwanjalo, kuphela lipesenti le-11.3 labathathi-nxaxheba ababehlangabezana nezikhokelo zexesha lokuhlala. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba abantwana kunye nolutsha babelala ngakumbi kunesiqhelo, ngeepesenti ezingama-71.1 behlangabezana nezindululo zokulala (UMore et al., 2020). Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi kuba ukulala ngokwaneleyo kunxulunyaniswa nokuba sempilweni kwengqondo kwaye ngenxa yokuba kuvumela ingqondo ukuba isebenze ngeziganeko zosuku, ezinokunceda abantu ukuba bajongane nokubekwa bodwa ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo (De Miranda et al., 2020; Richardson et al., 2019). Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zophando zizonke zibonise ifuthe elibi le-COVID-19 kwimisebenzi yabantwana nolutsha: Kuphela ziipesenti ze-4.8 zabantwana kunye neepesenti ze-0.6 zolutsha ezazidibana nezikhokelo zokuziphatha kwezempilo ngexesha lokuthintelwa kwe-COVID-19 (Moore et al. , 2020).
Ibango lokuphambuka emzimbeni kwe-COVID-19 lenze ukuba kube ngumceli mngeni ngakumbi kubazali ukuba bakhuthaze abantwana kunye nolutsha ukuba bahlangane nomsebenzi womzimba kunye nezikhokelo zexesha lesikrini. Abantwana nolutsha bafumana ukwehla okukhulu kuyo yonke imisebenzi yomzimba ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yasekhaya. Ukwehla okuphawuleka kakhulu yayikukuzilolonga ngaphandle kunye nemidlalo. Ezi ziphumo ziziphumo eziqikelelwayo zemiyalelo ngokubanzi "yokuhlala ekhaya" ebiyindawo eqhelekileyo ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka intsholongwane. Ukwanda kwexesha lesikrini ebantwaneni nakulutsha nako kuyahambelana notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila yeentsapho ekuphenduleni i-COVID-19. Kwiintsapho ezininzi, imithombo yeendaba yedijithali yindlela enamandla yokujongana nokuphazamiseka okuziswe ngulo bhubhane (UVanderloo et al., 2020). Ngabantu abaninzi kunanini na ngaphambili ababandakanyeka ekufundeni okude kunye nakwintlalontle ebonakalayo, ukunamathela kwizikhokelo zexesha lesikrini sokuhlala yonke imihla kuhlala kungenakwenzeka.
Ngamaxesha angazange abonwe, abazali akufuneki bazibek 'ityala ngokutshintsha kwemihla ngemihla yabantwana babo. Isikolo esifanelekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yezentlalontle ihlala yenza ukuba kungacingeki ukubambelela kwizikhokelo ezisemthethweni zexesha lesikrini. Ukurhoxiswa kokuzonwabisa kwamaqela asebenzayo anjengekhefu kunye nemidlalo yamaqela kudityaniswe nokuvalwa kwezithuba zangaphandle kuye kwaba neziphumo ezingenakuphepheka kubuchule babantwana bokuhamba nokudlala njengesiqhelo. Ukongeza, imigaqo yokuvalelwa yedwa ihambelana kakhulu nexesha lokubanda okanye imozulu engathandekiyo, ethi ichaphazele nexesha elichithwa ngabantwana besebenza ngaphandle. Sinyanzelekile ukuba samkele ukuba izikhokelo ezisemthethweni zokuziphatha kwezempilo azinyani kuninzi lwabantu ngoku, kwaye endaweni yoko kufuneka sigxile ekwenzeni konke okusemandleni ngezixhobo ezikhoyo.
Ngeli xesha loxinzelelo, kubalulekile ukuba abazali bajonge impilo yabo yengqondo kunye neyabantwana babo. Kweminye, kunokwenzeka ukuba ubandakanyeke kwimidlalo ekude ekude njengokuhamba okanye ukuhamba intaba. Abanye banokukufumanisa kuluncedo ukukhangela imisebenzi yangaphakathi esebenzayo njengomdaniso wokudibana okanye imidlalo yokuzivocavoca ngeTV okanye isixhobo sokudlala. Le misebenzi yomzimba ikhuthaza impilo entle yengqondo kwaye, ukuba yenziwe kunye, inokunceda ukomeleza ubudlelwane bosapho (UDe Miranda et al., 2020). Nangona kungafanelekanga ukuba siziva sinyanzelekile ukuba silwele ukufikelela kwizinto ezingenakwenzeka, sinokuzifumanisa sikwazi ukuguqula indlela yethu yokuphila ngeendlela ezincinci kodwa ezinefuthe.
Abantwana kunye neentsapho bafumana iindlela zokuziqhelanisa nokuziphatha kwabo kwemihla ngemihla kwimo yangoku. Iipesenti ezingama-50.4 zabaphenduli zibonise ukuba umntwana wabo wenza imisebenzi engaphezulu yangaphakathi. Kwangokunjalo, iipesenti ezingama-22.7 zixele ukuba umntwana wabo uzibandakanya nezinto zangaphandle. Le misebenzi ibandakanya izinto zokuzonwabisa zangaphakathi ezinje ngobugcisa kunye nemisebenzi yezandla, iipuzzle kunye nemidlalo, kunye nemidlalo yevidiyo kunye nezinto zangaphandle ezinje ngebhayisikile, ukuhamba, ukunyuka intaba, kunye nemisebenzi yezemidlalo. Ukongeza, iipesenti ezili-16.4 zixele ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikwi-Intanethi okanye iiapps ukuxhasa imisebenzi yomzimba (Moore et al., 2020). Nangona i-COVID-19 ibangela umceli mngeni omkhulu kuphuhliso lweendlela zokuziphatha ezisempilweni, le mikhwa inokubaluleka ngakumbi ngoku kunangaphambili. Ukwamkela isimilo esifanelekileyo semihla ngemihla kunokunceda ukunciphisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga zempilo yengqondo kunye nomzimba kubantwana nakulutsha lwesi sifo (Hongyan et al., 2020).
Iingcebiso zokuPhucula iiMpembelelo zezeMpilo zeMihla ngemihla
- Qala izinto ezithandwayo kunye nemisebenzi njengentsapho. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, qaphela ukuzonwabisa okusebenzayo njengokuhamba intaba, ukuhamba ngebhayisikile, okanye umdlalo wezemidlalo.
- Khuthaza abantwana bakho ukuba badlale kwaye basebenze ngeendlela ezintsha nezikhuselekileyo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuphuma ngaphandle kangangoko kunokwenzeka, usebenzisa impilo ye-Intanethi okanye ii -apps zomsebenzi womzimba, kunye / okanye ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo efana noMdaniso nje.
- Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yenza imithambo ngokwakho. Inkuthazo yabazali kunye nokuzibandakanya kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezisempilweni zemihla ngemihla kufunyaniswe ukuba kunxulunyaniswa kakhulu nokuziphatha okusempilweni kwemihla ngemihla ebantwaneni nakulutsha (Moore et al., 2020).
- Qhubeka nokuseta iinkqubo zabantwana bakho, kubandakanya ixesha lezikrini, ukulala rhoqo kunye namaxesha okuvuka, kunye nexesha lemisebenzi yosapho. Nciphisa ixesha lokuzonwabisa elikwiiyure ezi-2 ngosuku kwaye ukhuthaze ixesha lokudlala elingelilo isikrini nanini na kunokwenzeka.
- Khathalela impilo yakho yengqondo, kwaye ukhuthaze abantwana bakho ukuba benze njalo. Zininzi iindlela zokwenza oku ukongeza kwindlela yokuziphatha enempilo. Ukuhlala unxibelelana nabahlobo kunye nosapho, ukuthatha ikhefu xa ulifuna, kunye nokukwazi ukuthetha ngeemvakalelo zakho nomnye umntu konke kukhuthaza impilo entle yengqondo.
UKendall Ertel (isidanga sokuqala seYale) kunye noReuma Gadassi Polack (oogxa base-Yale) banegalelo kwesi sithuba.
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