Ukuba nenjongo ebomini kuyandisa intuthuzelo ngokwahluka

Isizukulwana esinye ukusukela ngoku, abantu abaMhlophe abangabo baseSpanishi abasayi kuphinda benze uninzi lwabemi baseMelika. Nangona abamhlophe bezakuqhubeka nokwenza elona hlanga linye likhulu, ubuhlanga obuncinci (njengendibaniselwano) bucwangciselwe ukufezekisa uninzi lwenqanaba labo ngo-2042. Ukwanda kwentuthuzelo neyantlukwano kuya kungqineka kubalulekile ekuncedeni abaMhlophe ukuba baziqhelanise noluntu olunobuzwe obungafaniyo.

Ingqondo yenjongo ebomini ihlala inxulunyaniswa nezibonelelo ezininzi. Abantu abanengqondo yenjongo bonwabile ¹ , amajoni omzimba omelele ² , bachacha ngokukhawuleza emva kotyando ³ , kwaye baphila ixesha elide ⁴ . Ngoku, isifundo esitsha ⁵ ebandakanya iimvavanyo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo, eziqhutywa ngu-Anthony Burrow no-Rachel Sumner weYunivesithi yaseCornell, uPatrick Hill weYunivesithi yaseCarleton, kwaye nam ndibonakalisile ukuba abantu abanenjongo bayakhululeka nangokwahluka ngokobuhlanga.

Kuvavanyo lokuqala, abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-205 abamhlophe bacelwa ukuba baphendule imibuzo malunga neenkcukacha zabantu, ubuntu babo, imeko yabo yangoku, kunye noluhlu lwezikali ezenzelwe ukulinganisa zombini injongo yabo kunye nentuthuzelo ngokwahluka kwabohlanga. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba ukuba nenqanaba elikhulu lenjongo ebomini kwakudityaniswa nokuziva ukhululekile ngokwahluka ngokobuhlanga, ngaphezulu nangaphaya kwempembelelo yayo nayiphi na enye into eyahlukileyo.

Kuvavanyo lwesibini, abathathi-nxaxheba abaMhlophe abali-184 bonke baboniswa itshathi yepayi ebhalwe “2015,” ebonisa ngokuchanekileyo inani labemi baseMelika ukuba babe ngama-62% abaMhlophe kunye nama-38% abambalwa. Emva koko, isiqingatha sabathathi-nxaxheba saboniswa itshathi eyongezelelweyo ebhalwe "2050," ebonisa inani labemi njenge-57% yabamhlophe kunye ne-43% yobuzwe obuncinci (ke oko kubonisa uninzi oluMhlophe oluqhubekayo). Esinye isiqingatha sabathathi-nxaxheba sijonge itshathi eyahlukileyo "yama-2050" ebonisa abantu njengama-53% abantu abambalwa ngokobuhlanga kunye ne-47% yabamhlophe (yiyo loo nto, ibonakalisa utshintsho kubemi abaninzi). Njengoko bekulindelekile, abo bajonge uninzi lweepesenti zoluntu baxela iimvakalelo zesoyikiso kunabo bajonga iitshathi ezibonisa uninzi lwabamhlophe oluqhubekayo. Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwabantu abajonga iitshathi zeepayi ezibonisa uninzi lwabemi, imeko yenjongo inxulunyaniswa nokuncipha okukhulu kweembono zesoyikiso.

Kuvavanyo lokugqibela, abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-130 baceliwe ukuba bagqibezele isabelo esifutshane sokubhala malunga nenjongo yabo okanye ukubhala malunga "nosuku oluqhelekileyo." Abathathi-nxaxheba emva koko baboniswa iimephu ezinemibala yeedolophu ezinamanqanaba amabini ahlukeneyo okwakhiwa kobuhlanga (jonga ngezantsi).

Abo babhala malunga nenjongo yabo babenokubakho ngakumbi ekuvulekeni ukuba baqwalasele ukuhlala esixekweni ezahluka-hlukeneyo ngokobuhlanga xa kuthelekiswa nabo babebhale malunga nosuku lwabo oluqhelekileyo.

Ngokubanzi, iziphumo zovavanyo lwethu ezintathu zingqina uphando lwangaphambili kwiziphumo zenjongo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, isifundo esenziwe ngo-2013 ⁶ abathathi-nxaxheba bakhwela uloliwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo eChicago. Abantu abakhwele oololiwe abakhatshwa ngamanqanaba aphezulu abantu beentlanga ezahlukeneyo baxele amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo ⁷ . Nangona kunjalo, abantu ababeyalelwe ukuba babhale malunga nenjongo yabo ebomini imizuzu eli-10 ngaphambi kokuba bakhwele kuloliwe babengachaphazeleki kangako ngoxinzelelo lohlanga olwalukulo loliwe.

Kuyavunywa, abaphandi ikakhulu abaqinisekanga malunga neendlela ezichanekileyo ezixhasa indima eyinzuzo yenjongo kwimeko yokwahluka ngokobuhlanga. Uqikelelo olunye lubonisa umbono wokuba abantu abanenjongo bajolise ekunxibelelaneni nehlabathi elibangqongileyo. Ukuziqhelanisa okunje kwihlabathi lonke kunokubenza abantu ukuba babenakho ukuqonda ukuba kuthatha ntoni ukuze baphumelele kumxholo wekamva elibandakanya ngakumbi nelokwahluka. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kukhanyise ngokupheleleyo indima eyinzuzo yenjongo kububanzi beyantlukwano yobuhlanga.

Izalathiso:

1. UBronk, K. C., Hill, P. L., Lapsley, D. K., Talib, N., kunye noFinch, H. (2009). Injongo, ithemba, kunye nolwaneliseko lobomi kumaqela amathathu eminyaka. Ijenali yengqondo efanelekileyo, 4 , 500–510.

2. UFredrickson, B. L., Grewen, K. M., Coffey, K. A., Algoe, S. B., Firestine, A. M., Arevalo, J. M., ... & Cole, S. W. (2013). Umbono osebenzayo we-genomic kwimpilo yabantu. Iinkqubo ze-National Academy yeSayensi , 110 (33), 13684-13689.

3. UKim, E. S., iLanga, uJ. K., iPaki, uN., Kubzansky, L. D., kunye noPeterson, C. (2013). Injongo ebomini kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko we-myocardial infarction phakathi kwabantu abadala base-US abanesifo sentliziyo: ukulandela iminyaka emibini. Ijenali yamayeza okuziphatha , 36 (2), 124-133.

Intaba, P. L., Turiano, NA (2014). Injongo ebomini njengengqikelelo yokufa kwabantu abadala. Inzululwazi yezeengqondo , 25.

5. IBurrow, A. L., uStanley, M., uSumner, uR, kunye noHill, P. L. (2014). Injongo yoBomi njengesixhobo sokwandisa ukuthuthuzela ngokwahluka kobuhlanga. Ubuntu kunye neBulletin yezeNtlalontle yezeNtlalontle , 40 (11), 1507-1516.

6. IBurrow, A. L., kunye neNduli, P. L. (2013). Ngaba kulawulwa ngokwahluka? Iinjongo zokuqinisa ubudlelwane phakathi kobume boololiwe kunye nohambo lwabakhweli. Ubuntu kunye neBulletin yezeNtlalontle yezeNtlalontle , 39 (12), 1610-1619.

7. Ukuphonononga uxinzelelo olwahlukileyo, jonga inqaku elibhalwe ngu-Robert Putnam elinesihloko esithi "E Pluribus Unum: Ukwahluka-hlukanisa noLuntu kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye kwi-2006 kaJohan Skytte."