Ukutya kakhulu ngokutshintsha uBongo

Ngaba uyazibuza ukuba le cheesecake yale njikalanga izakutshintsha umzimba wakho? Ngelixa uninzi lwethu lucinga ukuba luyatshintsha esinqeni, bambalwa abazibuza ukuba ingaba luguqula nengqondo. Kodwa iyenzeka, kwaye uphononongo olusandula kupapashwa (iRossi, 2019) lusibonisa ukuba njani.

Uluvo lokuba ingqondo iphembelela phantse yonke into esiyenzayo alufanele lusothuse; abo sibathandayo, indlela esivakalelwa ngayo, kwanento esiyityayo ichaphazeleka ngumsebenzi wobuchopho. Ukulala nzulu emazantsi engqondo yethu kuhlala iqela leeseli ezibandakanya i-hypothalamus. Ihypothalamus orchestrates yolawulo lweendlela zokuziphatha ezininzi ezinxulumene nokusinda kohlobo; Ukuziphatha, njengoko ndihlala ndixelela abafundi bam, kubandakanya ii-F's zommiselo we-hypothalamic-ukulwa, ukubaleka, ukondla kunye nokutshatisa.

Njengoninzi lwemimandla yobuchopho, ihipothalamus yahlulwe yangamacandelo amancinci; la ahlala ebizwa ngamagama kusetyenziswa amagama akhomba kwicala. Cinga, umzekelo, i-hypothalamus yecala. Igama layo lithetha ukuba ihlala kwinxalenye yecala le-hypothalamus, okanye kude nombindi. Abo banomdla wokuziphatha okukhuthazayo bayazi ukuba ukufunda ifuthe lobuchopho ekondleni ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuwela iindlela kunye ne-hypothalamus esecaleni. Kungenxa yokuba ulwakhiwo lubalulekile ekuququzeleleni okanye ekonyuseni ukutya. Ikwenza oku ngokumodareyitha imetabolism, ukwetyisa, ukufihlwa kwe-insulin, kunye nencasa yokuziva, ukubiza izinto ezimbalwa. I-hypothalamus esecaleni ikwalondolozwe kakhulu kuzo zonke iintlobo ze ngenxa yoko kufanelekile ukumodareyitha izinto ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha kwabantu. Ke xa ucinga ukonyuka kokutya, cinga ngokwanda komsebenzi kwi-lateral hypothalamus yakho.

Obu budlelwane babonakaliswa okokuqala kwizifundo ezingezizo ezabantu, ezazibonisa ukuba iimpuku ezinomonakalo kwi-hypothalamus yazo yecala zihlala zala ukutya kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo, njengoko umntu elindele, ukuvuselela okanye ukwenza lo mmandla ufune ukutya okungonelisiyo. I-idiosyncrasies yekhonkco phakathi kokutya kunye ne-hypothalamus esecaleni sele ifundwe kakhulu kwaye ezi nkcukacha zingaphaya kwengxoxo yethu. Qiniseka, nangona kunjalo, ukuba uninzi lwee-neuroscientists zokuziphatha ezigqwesileyo zinikezele ngenani elingenakulinganiswa leeyure ekwaziseni ukuqonda kwethu malunga nendlela i-lateral hypothalamus edibanisa ngayo ukutya kunye nomvuzo wokutya. Inqaku likaRossi kunye noogxa bakhe benza kanye loo nto, ngokubonisa indlela yokutya kakhulu ukutya kwakhona i-hypothalamus esecaleni kunye nendlela ezi nguqu zichaphazela ngayo indlela esidla ngayo.

Ngokudibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zeselfowuni, abavavanyi baphonononge ukuba ngaba ukutya okunamafutha aphezulu kutshintshe ukubonakaliswa kweeseli kwi-hypothalamus esecaleni. Uvavanyo lwaluyilelwe ukuthelekisa ukubonakaliswa kweeseli kwiimpuku ezifumana ukutya okunamafutha aphezulu ngokuchasene nabo bafumana ukutya okuqhelekileyo. Bafumanise ukutshintsha imbonakalo yemfuza njengesiphumo sokutyeba kakhulu kwiiseli ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwe-hypothalamus esecaleni. Nangona kunjalo, olona tshintsho lomeleleyo lokutyeba kakhulu olwenziwe kwimfuza lwenzeka kwiiseli ezineprotein ebizwa ngokuba yi-vesicular glutamate transporter type-2. Ngokubanzi, ezi seli zisebenzisa ikhemikhali yengqondo esebenza ngokukhawuleza. Baye bavavanya ezi seli ngakumbi kwaye bafumanisa ukuba ziyaphendula ekusetyenzisweni kweswekile; Nangona kunjalo, ubukhulu bempendulo buxhomekeke kwisimo sezilwanyana esikhuthazayo: Kukutya okungakanani isilwanyana esifunayo esichaphazele indlela ezisabela ngayo iiseli kwiswekile.

Ukondla iimpuku kwangaphambili (imeko ekhuthazayo) okanye ukwazisa imeko yokuzila yeeyure ezingama-24 (imeko ekhuthazayo) ngaphambi kovavanyo lokulawulwa kokuvavanywa. Iiseli ezichwayitisayo kwi-hypothalamus esecaleni yezilwanyana kwimeko ephantsi yenkuthazo (engalambanga) yafumana ukusebenza okukhulu emva kokusetyenziswa kweswekile kunezilwanyana ezazizila ukutya. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukwaneliseka kokutya kunefuthe kumvuzo wekhowudi yokutya okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwehypothalamus esecaleni.

Eyona nto yayinomdla kakhulu kwiprofayili yokufaka iikhowudi kwezi seli zivuyisayo yayikukuba ukutya okunamafutha aphezulu kwatshintsha nezinga lokuphendula kwabo. Ngokufanelekileyo, iiseli zezilwanyana ekutyeni rhoqo zigcina amandla azo okufumana iswekile, kodwa iiseli kwiimpuku kukutya okunamafutha aphezulu ziye ngokuthe ngcembe zingasabeli kwiswekile; ke, utshintsho kwingqondo.

Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo ziyinoveli kwaye zinomdla, njengoko zibonisa ukuba ukutya okunamafutha aphezulu kuguqula ukubhalwa komvuzo wokutya kwiiseli ezizodwa kwi-hypothalamus esecaleni. Ngapha koko, ngoku siyabona ukuba ukutya okunamafutha okunganyangekiyo kuguqula i-hypothalamus esecaleni ngokuthintela impendulo yabo ye-neural kwaye ngenxa yoko buthathaka "ukuqhekeka" okungapheliyo ekutyeni. Ngamanye amagama, ukutya okunamafutha aphezulu kunokutshintsha ingqondo yakho ukukhuthaza ukutya kakhulu.