IParadigm eNtsha yokuFundiswa kweGalufa

Kwakudla ngokuthi ukukhankanywa "kwengqondo" kunye "nokwazisa" ngokunxulumene nokuqeqeshwa kwezemidlalo kuya kubuliswa nge-smirks. Omnye usenokucaphuna igorfu uTy Webb (Chevy Chase) kwifilimu uCaddyshack exelela abo babekhuselekile ukuba "babeyibhola kuphela."

Igalufa libonisa imeko efanelekileyo. Ukususela ngo-1970, uTim Gallwey ( Umdlalo wangaphakathi weGalufa ) kunye noMichael Murphy ( Igalufa eBukumkanini ) basebenzise isayensi kunye nesikweko ukukhuthaza umbono wokuba ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokulingana kwengqondo kunokuba kwaye kuya kuvela ngokwendalo ukuba abagadi begalufa banokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukugweba okungalunganga, kunye namabali azigxekayo abazenzileyo malunga nabo kunye namandla abo. Ngokusekwe kwingcinga yokuba ukuzisa ingqondo kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kwengqondo kwi-swing yegalufa kunexabiso elikhulu, le paradigm ivelayo ifundisa ukuba ubukrelekrele bomzimba obungenakho ukuvelisa ukuguquka kwendalo, okusebenzayo, kunye nembaleki ukuba ubukrelekrele bukhululiwe kwaye bujolise ngokufanelekileyo.

I-Shivas Irons yaba yi-Bagger Vance kunye nokuqonda okunengqondo kubonakala ngathi kungene kwilizwe eliqhelekileyo lobugcisa begalufa.

Umyalelo wegalufa oqhelekileyo ujolisa ekugxileni kwiziphene nasekulungiseni. Uguquko lwegalufa lwaphuke lwangena kwiindawo zalo. Kuxhomekeke kumhlohli, enye okanye enye indawo iyagxininiswa, igalelo layo kuhlalutyo luphela, kwaye kucetyiswa ukuphucula enye. Umzekelo, uninzi lwabafundi luyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokuphuhlisa ngaphakathi ukuya ngaphandle kwendlela yokujija, ngakumbi kuba igolfer eqhelekileyo ithanda ukuza "ngaphezulu." Kuxhomekeka kumhlohli, le "mpazamo" inokuthi "ilungiswe" ngenani leedrives ezahlukeneyo. Utitshala omnye unokwenza ukuba umfundi aziqhelanise nokulahla iklabhu kwi "slot" ngokumpompa izandla zakhe phezulu nasezantsi ngaphezulu kokubuyela umva; Omnye unokucebisa ukutsala unyawo lwasekunene emva kwee-intshi ezili-10 kwidilesi; Kwaye abanye bacebisa ukuvala imeko, ukomeleza ukubambelela, okanye mhlawumbi ukubeka isiciko sentloko ngaphandle kwebhola njengothintelo olubonakalayo lokuza ngaphezulu.

Ezinye zezi zinto zisebenza. Ubungqina, nangona kunjalo, kukuba ukulungiswa akuhlali kwaye, ngaphezulu, umfundi akakwazi "ukulungisa" ngokuthembekileyo ikhosi yakhe. Isizathu kukuba ukulungiswa komfundi akuhambisani nolwazi olunzulu lokwahlula phakathi kwempazamo kunye nokulungiswa. Yonke into ayifunayo kukulungisa into eyaphukileyo, angahlali ngalo mzuzu kwaye uqaphele amava akhe e-sensorimotor. Kwaye ukuba umfundi akayazi Ixabiso lokulungisa liya kuphelelwa.

Emva kokuphumelela i-U.S. Open ngemivumbo esi-8 ngo-2011, uRory McIlroy wathetha ngokubaluleka “kokuhlala ngalo mzuzu” kulo lonke ukhuphiswano. Akukho mntu wancumayo.

"Abaqeqeshi bengqondo," kunjalo, sele ixhaphakile kwaye bancedile ukukhuthaza abagadi begalufa kunye nabahlohli ngokufanayo ngokubaluleka kokudibanisa ingqondo nomzimba ngokukhuthaza abafundi ukuba babe nesimo sengqondo esihle, babone impumelelo, basebenzise iindlela zokugxila, kunye nokuthambisa ukunganyamezeli (kwethu) ngokudibeneyo kunye nokungakhathali ngeempazamo, ukusilela, kunye nokuphazamiseka ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwikhosi.

Okwangoku, ukubonwa kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuqonda kunye nokuziphatha okuhle, ngelixa kubalulekile, ngokukhawuleza iba yenye "incam" okanye "ubuchule" bokulungisa, kwaye kungabi ngamava, okungalunganga kumdlalo kabani, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kunokubangela inkohliso yokuba utshintsho lwengqondo lungisa umdlalo womntu.

Abaphandi eGreat Britain bafumanise ukuba ukucinga kakhulu ngokuthoba umgangatho wentsebenzo yegalufa ngenxa yempembelelo abayibiza ngokuba “kukugubungela ngomlomo,” ngexesha elenza ukuba ingqondo ijolise kakhulu kumaziko olwimi kunakwinkqubo yobuchopho exhasa izakhono ekuthethwa ngazo.

Njengengcali yeengqondo, ndifunde indlela abantu abafunda ngayo kwaye batshintshe. Njenge golfer, ndiye ndafunda ukuba ifundiswa njani kwaye ifundwa njani igalufa. Kwaye ngelixa uninzi lweengcali zokufundisa zivuma amandla engqondo kunye nexabiso lolwazi, bambalwa abayaziyo indlela yokufundisa ngayo, kwaye bambalwa abenza eyona nto bajolise kuyo. Ukuzama ukuyeka ukucinga okungalunganga, umzekelo, okanye ukuyifaka endaweni yayo ngemifanekiso elungileyo, ayisebenzi kuphela ngokungaguquguqukiyo, kodwa ihlala ibuyisa umva, iqhubekeka idimaza umfundi. Ukuqhagamshela ubukho kunye nokukhumbula kunye nokuphuculwa kwenyani kwindlela yegalufa yenye into ngokupheleleyo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, umntu ufundisa njani ukukhathalela igolfer ehlutshwa sisilayi sakhe?

Utitshala omnye ubonakala ngathi uyifumene indlela esebenzayo. UMsunguli weSikolo seGalufa engaqhelekanga eCarmel Valley, eCalif., UFred Shoemaker wayengumfundi kaTim Gallway. UShoemaker ubhale iincwadi ezimbini, uqhuba amakhulukhulu ezikolo zegalufa (zipapashwa kuphela ngomlomo) ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-95 zokuhamba ukusukela ngo1990, kwaye wanika izifundo ezingama-40,000 kubantu abenza umdlalo wegalufa. Yena noJo Hardy basandula ukukhupha ividiyo echaza indlela yakhe ngokweenkcukacha.

Nangona abantu benza impazamo kugxininiso lukaShoemaker kulwaziso ngokufundisa umdlalo wengqondo, okwahlukileyo kuyinyani. Injongo kaShoemaker kukunceda abafundi ukuba bahlule phakathi kokuba sezintloko zabo nokubakho ngokupheleleyo kwimizimba yabo. Uyabaqeqesha ukuba baphonononge imilinganiselo emihlanu ebalulekileyo yegalufa lokuguqula amava ngokuthe ngqo:

1. Ubukho boqhakamshelwano lobuso obuqinileyo (mhlawumbi obaluleke kakhulu)
2. Esona sikhundla (sivulekile kunye nesivaliweyo) sentloko yabo yeklabhu kuyo yonke i-swing
3. Indlela echanekileyo (ngaphakathi nangaphandle) yeklabhu ngefuthe
4. ulungelelwaniso lwemizimba yabo kunye neklabhu kwidilesi nakuzo zonke ujingi
5. Amava abo enkululeko kunye nokunxibelelana kwabo kujolise kuko.

Iingcali, ngokukaShoemaker, zibonakala kakhulu kuwo onke la maqondo e-swing kunabafundi. Ngapha koko, uthi umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabaqeqeshi kunye nabaphengululi ulele kubunzulu bolwazi lwabo. Amabala angaboniyo angaphambili amancinci ngelixa ezo zamva zinokuba nkulu. Iingcali zinokuziva apho intloko yeklabhu ikhoyo phantse konke ukujikeleza. Banqabile ukubetha ngasemva kwebhola ngenxa yokuba ulwazi lwabo lwengqondo, iziko labo lomxhuzulane, elingenakulinganiswa lenza ukuba kube nzima. Badityaniswe kwithagethi, ngelixa ii-amateurs ziqhagamshelwe kwibhola.

Encoma uGallwey, umzimba, ngokukaShoemaker, unobukrelekrele bendalo, ukuba singaphuma kuphela kwindlela yawo. Uyenza le ngongoma ngokumangalisayo xa esenza iifilimu abafundi bakhe bephosa iklabhu yegalufa. Injalo loo nto — iklabhu yegalufa. Ucela umfundi ukuba athathe indawo yakhe yedilesi kwaye emva koko aphose iklabhu yegalufa umgama othile ngaphandle kwi-fairway ngendlela ekhululekile. Kuba akukho bhola, le klabhu iphosa ujingi ngokwendalo kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo ilungiselelwe into ethile (ithagethi) "phaya phandle." Umenzi wezihlangu ukubiza oku kukujinga kwethu kwendalo. Ngokumangalisayo, ukujija komfundi ngamnye, kubandakanya nezo zingama-25 zabenzi bezandla, kubonakala kwividiyo ukuba inamandla, iimbaleki kwaye ilungelelene, ine-lag ethe kratya kunye nokubonakala konxibelelwano phakathi kwazo zonke iindawo ezihambayo. Umzuzu abafundi abaninzi bejongana nebhola, nangona kunjalo, ujingi wabo "oqhelekileyo" uvela ngesiquphe-ngaphezulu, intlahla encinci, iklubface evulekileyo, kunye namandla amancinci.

Inqaku likaShoemaker kukuba xa iinjongo zomntu kunye nokuqwalaselwa kugxilwe kugxilwe kuye, umzimba uyayazi ukuba wenzeni. Kubukho bebhola, umzimba ubengezela ngokulinganayo; Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha ithagethi ngaphandle kokuqonda iba yibhola. Eyona njongo yomdlali oyintloko kukunxibelelana nebhola, kwaye zonke iziphoso ziya kulungelelaniswa ukuze afezekise oku.

Umzimba uyayazi into eyenzayo. Kodwa ekungabikho kolwazi, iphela ngokugcina nje ubomi obuthandekayo.

Amava e-golfer axhaphakileyo okungabikho kwaye, ke, ngokunqanyulwa ngokupheleleyo kuyo nayiphi na into yokwazisa nge-sensorimotor, ihlala ibonakaliswa ekubekeni okuluhlaza. Ubukho be "yips" bubungqina benguqulelo egqithileyo yamava. Apha, uxinzelelo, incoko yengqondo, kunye nokunqamka kwinyani ehlala idala amabala angaboniyo kuguquko olupheleleyo luthatha ngokupheleleyo. Ukubeka, ke, kunokuba yinto yeqonga elinamandla lokufundisa abafundi malunga nokwazisa malunga nokwahlula phakathi kokubakho ngokwenene, nokuba sentloko kwentloko yakho.

Ukubonisa le nto, uShoemaker ucela umfundi ukuba abeke ibhola kwikomityi ukusuka kwii-intshi ezimbini, kwaye aqaphele amava, aphawulwa kukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwengcinga. Uphinda-phinda umthambo, ngokuthe ngcembe ebeka ibhola kude nangaphaya emngxunyeni, ecela umfundi ukuba axele umgama apho abanye bacinga, bengamenywanga, bangena entlokweni yakhe. Ngokwesiqhelo, malunga ne-inye ukuya kwezimbini iinyawo, umfundi uqala ukunika ingxelo yokuba “Kungcono ndigxile apha,” okanye “ndiyathemba ukuba andizukuphoswa yiyo,” okanye “thatha ixesha lakho ngoku, kwaye uyibethe ngqo.” Ezi ngcinga zivela zingamenywanga. Abancedi i-putt ingene. Bahlala bengalunganga okanye belumkisa. Bazisa ngesiqalo sokuqina kwemisipha. Ukuzama ukubabamba akusebenzi. Ukuyitshintsha ngemifanekiso emihle kumane kugcina umntu egxile ngakumbi entlokweni yakhe. Umfundi ngoku usezingqondweni zakhe kunye nokunxibelelana kwakhe neklabhu, ibhola, umngxunya, kunye nenkululeko yenkululeko efumanekayo kwii-intshi ezimbini iqala ukuncipha.

UShoemaker umema abafundi ukuba bazivumele ezi ngcinga zivele, baziqaphele, kwaye babuyele ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwinyani ebaluleke kakhulu-umzimba wabo, ibhola, iklabhu kunye nokujolisa. Ucebisa, "Yiba khona kuyo yonke into, ngaphandle komgwebo." Iingcinga zibonakala zivela zodwa, kwaye ziya kuthi shwaka zodwa ukuba asizibhidanisi nenyani.

Umkhandi wezihlangu wenza ukuba abafundi bazilolongele ukubasusa entloko. Babeka i-putt ejonge emngxunyeni kunebhola, qaphela isandi se-putter xa sisenza uqhakamshelwano lobuso phakathi xa kuthelekiswa. Babeke ngamehlo abo bavaliwe kwaye kufuneka "baqashele" ukuba ibhola imfutshane, inde, isekhohlo, okanye ilungile, emva koko bavule amehlo baqwalasele ukudibana phakathi kwento abaziva ngathi bayayenza xa ithelekiswa nento eyenzayo. Ngokufanayo, unokucela umfundi ukuba aqengqe ibhola esebenzisa isandla sakhe ngaphesheya kohlaza emngxunyeni, eqaphela ngokweenkcukacha ukuba iphuka njani kwaye ikhawuleza kangakanani. Emva koko ucela umfundi ukuba abeke emngxunyeni omnye, injongo ikukufumanisa umohluko wokwazisa kunye nokugxila phakathi kwezi zenzo zibini.

Yonke le “midlalo” inenjongo enye: ukomeleza ukuqonda komfundi ngayo yonke into enokwenzeka ngokubeka umzimba ngokulula.

Eyona nto iphambili kwindlela kaShoemaker ayinanto yakwenza nelungelo lenkqubo ngaphezulu kwesiphumo. Kukuba ukukhula kophuhliso lolwazi kunye nobukho ngokunxulumene nenkqubo kuphela kwendlela eqinisekileyo yokuphucula iziphumo, oko kukuthi, ukunciphisa amanqaku akho. Kukho iindlela ezingama-57 zokuchaza umahluko phakathi kweTiger Woods kunye nam xa sidlala igalufa. Kodwa enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ngokuqinisekileyo ilele kukwahluka okukhulu kulwazi lwethu malunga nokuba kuqhubeka ntoni ngexesha lomzuzwana ukuthatha iklabhu yegalufa. Kwaye ngokunikwa lo mahluko, iTiger iyakwazi ukuziqeqesha xa ujingi lwayo ludodobala, ngelixa nditshintshela kwimowudi yokusinda eqhelekileyo ye-golfer engahlawulwayo.

Kudala phambi kokuba uFred Shoemaker athathe iklabhu yegalufa, owayengengomdlali wegalufa, uAlbert Einstein, wachaza ixabiso lokungena kumava ethu anzulu xa wathi: Ingqondo enobuchule sisipho esingcwele kwaye nengqondo esisengqiqweni sisicaka esithembekileyo. Senze uluntu oluhlonipha isicaka kwaye sililibale isipho.