Abangengabo abemi, abangabaphambukeli

Abo bafundi babephila ngeminyaka yoo-1980 basenokuwakhumbula la mazwi engoma yeengoma zikaSting "Indoda yaseNgilandi eNew York":

Owu, ndingumphambukeli, ndingumphambukeli ngokwasemthethweni
Ndiyindoda yesiNgesi eNew York

Kulwimi lokufudukela e-U.S., Nawuphina umntu ongengommi okanye owesizwe "ungumphambukeli," nokuba ngaba ungumhlali okanye akanguye umhlali, umphambukeli okanye ongenguye ummi welinye ilizwe, kwaye ubhalwe phantsi okanye akanazincwadi.

"Alien" kumthetho wokufuduka

Ukusetyenziswa komphambukeli kumthetho wokufuduka kudala kwaba yingxabano eMelika. Eli gama belikwisichazimagama esisemthethweni sikarhulumente ukusukela nge-1798, xa yayisetyenziswa kwiZenzo zoMphambukeli nakwiSedition. Le yayiyimithetho eyayisenza kube nzima ukuba umphambukeli abe ngummi welizwe, kwaye yavumela urhulumente ukuba avale kwaye agxothe abo bangengabo abemi ababethathwa njengabayingozi okanye abakhohlakeleyo.

Amakhulu eminyaka kamva, "umphambukeli" ngoku utolikwa njengokuthotywa isidima nokuthoba isidima ngabantu abaninzi, ke ngoko uMongameli omtsha waseMelika unyanzelisa ukutshintsha esi sigama. Kumthetho wokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe othunyelwe nguJoe Biden kwiCongress, ubhala ukuba urhulumente omtsha "uqhubeka eyamkela iMelika njengesizwe sabaphambukeli ngokutshintsha igama elithi 'umphambukeli' libe 'ngummi' kwimithetho yethu yokufuduka."

Ngokubhekisele kwimfuduko, umfokazi waphulukana nokusetyenziswa kwamanye amazwe kwakudala, kubandakanya i-UK ne-Australia, ngelixa eCanada igama elithi "ilizwe langaphandle" lisetyenziswa. Ukutshintsha “umfokazi” ufake “umntu ongenguye ummi” yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokuchaza imeko yokufuduka komntu, kwaye ayiyonyeliso.

Kutheni le nto "umphambukeli" ethathwa njengomntu ocaphukisayo?

Ngenxa yokuchazwa kwayo kwinkcubeko ethandwayo, "umphambukeli" wenza imifanekiso yeUFOs kunye nezinto ezingaphandle komhlaba; Amadoda amancinci aluhlaza anamehlo amnyama kakhulu kunye neempondo entloko. Into enomdla kukuba, intsingiselo yesayensi yentsingiselo yelinye ilizwe njengelingelilo “elalo Mhlaba” okanye “elivela kwenye iplanethi” intsha kakhulu, kwaye isusela kwiminyaka ye-1900. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo "umfokazi" namhlanje.

Iisosi zokubhabha ecaleni, umphambukeli unokwahlula xa esetyenziselwa ukubhekisa ebantwini. Eli ligama elithetha "owasemzini" kunye "nomntu wasemzini." Igama livela kwisiLatin engaqhelekanga , elithetha “owasemzini, ongaqhelekanga” kunye “nokuba ngowenye okanye engeyoyakhe.” Iphakamisa "umntu wangaphandle" kunye nomntu ongafanelekanga okanye angabikho kuluntu. Igama likhuthaza ubuhlanga, kwaye "nathi sichasene nabo" ingqondo.

I-Alien esetyenziswa njengelebhile ibeka amabala kubaphambukeli. Lelinye igama elibonisa ukuba umntu akahlukanga nje kuphela, kodwa uyingozi, kwaye mhlawumbi ulutshaba. Ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, urhulumente wase-US wasungula amaphulo okusasaza ukonyusa inkxaso yoluntu ngokuchasene notshaba oluqhelekileyo, ngelixa iiposta zelo xesha zazilumkisa abaqeshi ngokuchasene nokuqesha "abaphambukeli," zivusa intiyo noloyiko kwabo bafudukayo.

I-Alien ikwanazo neentsingiselo ezimbi kuba inxulunyaniswa kakhulu nokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ngokungagunyaziswanga ngenxa yebinzana eliqhele ukusetyenziswa elithi "umfokazi ongekho mthethweni." Abasebenzi abangenamaxwebhu eMelika bahlala bebizwa ngokuba "ngabangekho mthethweni," elinye igama elithob 'isidima nokwahlukanisa. Xa sicinga ngomntu "osemthethweni" siyeke ukumbona njengomntu ofuna ubomi obungcono, endaweni yoko simjonge "njengolwaphulo-mthetho" ofanelwe yimpatho embi.

Unxibelelwano lwakutshanje oluvela kwaMasiko kunye noKhuselo lweMida endaweni yalo lubhekise kubabambeli abafudukayo "njengabantu", njengokukhutshwa okutsha okwabhengeza ukubakho kwendlu eLashto, eTexas.

‘Abangengabo abemi,’ hayi ‘abaphambukeli’

Ukusukela oko kwamiselwa uMongameli Biden, kuye kwakho ukuncipha okubonakalayo kokusetyenziswa "kwabaphambukeli" kukhutshwa kweendaba kunye namaxwebhu avela kwiSebe lezoKhuseleko lwaseKhaya. Olu tshintsho lucebisa ukuba olu setyenziso "lwasemzini" lunokugqibela luthathe umhlala-phantsi, lusishiya nabaphambukeli bentsomi kunye nenkcubeko ye pop. Olu tshintsho lukwabonisa ukuba ulawulo olutsha lwe-U.S. Lonyamezelo kunye nembono eqhubekayo.

Ukuqhubeka nengxoxo, jonga incwadi yam Kuyacaphukisa: Ucalucalulo kuLwimi oludlulileyo nolwangoku.