Ayizizo zonke Iziphumo zokuSetyenziswa gadalala kwabantwana kwizigulo zengqondo

Umxholo

• Ukuphanda ngokuXhatshazwa kwabantwana: Iindlela
• Ukuphanda ngokuXhatshazwa kwabantwana: Iziphumo
• Isiphelo: IiNjongo kunye neeNgxelo eziNgezelelweyo zokuXhatshazwa kwabaNtwana

Masithi, ngokusekwe kwiirekhodi zenkundla ezisemthethweni, waxhatshazwa usengumntwana, kodwa awukhumbuli. Ngoku masithi umntakwenu ukhumbula ephathwa gadalala, kodwa akukho zirekhodi zenkundla zibonisa ukuba uxhatshazo olo lwenzekile. Ngubani kuni onokufumana ukugula ngengqondo kwixa elizayo?

Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, siphethulela kwiphepha lakutshanje, elibhalwe nguDanese noWidom, elipapashwe kwi-Agasti ka-Agasti Ubume bendalo bokuziphatha kwabantu . Eli phepha licebisa ubungqina obunenjongo kunye namava asezantsi okuphathwa gadalala kwabantwana awanxibanga ngokulinganayo ne-psychopathology yexesha elizayo kunye nokugula kwengqondo.

Ukuphanda ngokuXhatshazwa kwabantwana: Iindlela

Uphando olwenziwe nguWidom noDanese lusebenzise idatha ukusuka kwisigaba sesibini sophando malunga nokuphathwa gadalala kwabantwana kunye nokungahoywa. Isampulu yoqobo ibibandakanye abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-908 ababekade, ngokweerekhodi ezisemthethweni ezivela kwiinkundla zamatyala e-US, amaxhoba okuphathwa gadalala / ukungahoywa. Iqela lokuthelekisa-abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-667 ababengenazo iirekhodi zokuphathwa gadalala kwabantwana kunye nokungahoywa- bafaniswa ngeendlela ezifana nesini, ubudala, ubuhlanga, kunye nodidi lwentlalo.

Ke, isampulu iyonke ibandakanya abantu abayi-1,575. Ekulandeleni, kwaqhagamshelwa i-1,307, apho iqela le-1,196 (iipesenti ezingama-51 zamadoda; iipesenti ezingama-63 zabamhlophe; iminyaka engama-29 ubudala beminyaka yobudala; iminyaka eli-11 yemfundo) yathatha inxaxheba kudliwanondlebe lomntu.

Udliwanondlebe lwalubandakanya imibuzo malunga namava okungahoywa kwabantwana, ukuphathwa gadalala ngokwesondo, kunye nembali yangoku kunye nexesha lokuphila kwengqondo yokugula kwengqondo.

Ukuphanda ngokuXhatshazwa kwabantwana: Iziphumo

Uhlalutyo lwedatha echongiweyo ngamaqela amathathu-okwahlulahlulwe ngokujonga ukuba ingaba ubungqina benjongo yokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kwaxelwa kusini na:

1. Injongo: Ukuchongwa njengamaxhoba (iirekhodi zenkundla) kodwa abakwazi ukukhumbula impatho-mbi.
2. Isihloko: Ayichongwanga njengamaxhoba (akukho zirekhodi) kodwa ikhumbule ukuphathwa gadalala.
3. Injongo kunye nokuzithoba: Amaxhoba (iirekhodi zenkundla) kwaye akhumbula ukuphathwa gadalala.

Ukuthelekiswa kwala maqela kubonisile, nkqu nakumatyala anzima achongiweyo asekwe kwiirekhodi zenkundla, umngcipheko wokugula ngengqondo wabonakala "uncinci ngokungabikho kovavanyo." Umngcipheko we-psychopathology wawuphezulu kwabo babenamava okuxhatshazwa, nokuba azikho iirekhodi ezisemthethweni zeziganeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana.

Oku kufunyanisiweyo kuyavumelana nophando lwangaphambili kwisampulu enye, eyabonisa ukuba abo basemngciphekweni wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi ikakhulu yayingabantu abachaze ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana-hayi abo bachongwe njengamaxhoba okuphathwa gadalala ngokweerekhodi ezisemthethweni.

Isiphelo: IiNjongo kunye neeNgxelo eziNgezelelweyo zokuXhatshazwa kwabaNtwana

Ukuqukumbela, kubonakala ngathi abo "bathatha amava abo obuntwana njengokuphathwa gadalala," nokuba yeyiphi na imbali ebhaliweyo, banomngcipheko omkhulu wokugula ngengqondo.

Kufuneka siphande ukuba kutheni abantu abathile bekhulisa uvavanyo lokujonga gadalala xa kungekho bungqina bubambekayo bokuphathwa gadalala. Ezinye zeendawo zokufunda zibandakanya ukucetyiswa, kunye nokuqonda kunye nokukhumbula inkumbulo okunxulumene nobuntu okanye ukugula kwengqondo kwangaphambili.

Kwaye kufuneka siqonde ukuba kutheni abanye abantwana abaphethwe gadalala bebona kwaye bekhumbula amava abo njengokuphathwa gadalala kwaye abanye bengaboni. Izinto ezinokubakho ezifanelekileyo zibandakanya ubudala ekuxhatshazweni, ubukrakra bokuphathwa gadalala, ubunzima bokubandezeleka okwabakho ngelo xesha, iimeko zokusingqongileyo (umzekelo, ukhathalelo lwentlalo kunye nenkxaso), kunye nobunzima bexesha elizayo ngaphambi kokuphuhliswa kwesifo sengqondo.

Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuba singayisebenzisi idatha ukufikelela kwizigqibo ezingezizo, njengokucinga ukuba ukuxhaphaza abantwana akulunganga kangako ukuba abachaphazeleki kakubi yiyo (umzekelo, musa ukuba nesifo sengqondo), kwiminyaka kamva . Njengokuba ababhali besitsho, ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo “akukunciphisi ukubaluleka kokuphathwa gadalala kubomi babantwana. Ukuphathwa gadalala lolwaphulo-mthetho oluphambili kumalungelo oluntu lwabantwana kwaye luxanduva lokuziphatha ukubakhusela ekuxhatshazweni nasekungahoyweni. ”