Precuña: Iimpawu kunye nemisebenzi yale Nxalenye yeBongo

Umxholo

• Eli candelo lecortex yecereal ibekwe kwilungu leparietal kwaye inemisebenzi eliqela.
• I-Precuña: inkcazo, ubume kunye nendawo
• Iimbonakalo
• Ulwazi lobume bomntu (inqaku le-episodic)
• 1. Ukulungiswa kwamehlo
• 2. Ukuzazi
• 3. Ukuqonda okuqondayo
• 4. Ukudibanisa undoqo
• Ngaphambi komtshato kwisifo se-Alzheimer's

Eli candelo lecortex yecereal ibekwe kwilungu leparietal kwaye inemisebenzi eliqela.

Ingqondo yomntu yinto entsonkothileyo nenomdla. I-hemisphere nganye ye-cerebral yenziwe ngamalungu amaninzi.

Kwaye kwi-parietal lobe ephezulu, efihliweyo phakathi kwamanqanaba emisonto ye-nerve, sinokufumana i-pre-wedge, ummandla owahlukileyo weempawu zayo kunye nemisebenzi ethe yabekwa kulo njengeziko eliphambili lokunxibelelanisa ubuchopho, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokuzazisa. .

Kule nqaku sichaza ukuba yintoni pre-wedge, yintoni isakhiwo sayo kwaye ikuphi, yeyiphi eyona misebenzi yayo iphambili kwaye yeyiphi indima ayidlalayo kuphuhliso lwesifo i-Alzheimer's.

I-Precuña: inkcazo, ubume kunye nendawo

I-pre-wedge okanye i-precuneus yile ummandla okwi-lobe ephezulu ye-parietal, efihliweyo kwindawo ende yobuchopho, phakathi kwezi hemispheres zombini. Umda ngaphambili lisebe elisecaleni le-cingulate sulcus, kwinxalenye engasemva yi-parieto-occipital sulcus kwaye, ngezantsi, yi-subparietal sulcus.

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-pre-wedge iye yachazwa njengendawo ye-medial ye-parietal cortex ephezulu. Kwimeko yoyilo lobuchwephesha, yona ingqamana nendawo ka Brodmann 7, ulwahlulwa-hlulo lommandla weparietal wecortex.

Ukongeza, inombutho wecortical entsonkothileyo ngohlobo lweekholamu kwaye yenye yeengingqi zobuchopho ezithatha ixesha elide ukugqibezela i-myelination (inkqubo apho ii-axon zidityaniswe ne-myelin, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuphucula isantya sempembelelo Ukudlulisa uloyiko). I-morphology yayo ibonisa iiyantlukwano ezizezinye, zombini kubume bayo nakubungakanani bexesha elide.

Kwakhona, I-pre-wedge inonxibelelwano oluninzi lwe-neural ; kwinqanaba le-cortical, idibanisa neendawo zenzwa, kunye neendawo ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yesigqeba, imemori kunye nokucwangciswa kweemoto, kunye ne-cortex ephambili yokubona; kwaye kwinqanaba le-subcortical, inonxibelelwano olubalulekileyo kunye ne-thalamic nuclei kunye nengqondo yengqondo.

I-pre-wedge sisakhiwo esiye saphuhliswa ngakumbi ebantwini kunezilwanyana, kuba kwinqanaba lokuvela kwezinto kuye kwakho ukonyuka okubonakalayo kubungakanani (kubume kunye nomphezulu) weparietal kunye ne-frontal lobes yecortex yomntu xa kuthelekiswa bonke ubukumkani bezilwanyana, nokuba kuthetha ntoni oku malunga nokukhula kwemisebenzi ephezulu yokuqonda. Kungoko, Ulwakhiwo oluvuselele umdla omkhulu kuluntu lwenzululwazi, ngaphandle kokuba i-anatomically "ingenakulinganiswa" (ngenxa yendawo ekuyo).

Iimbonakalo

Umtshato wangaphambili enye yeendawo eziphambili zokulawulwa kunye nokudityaniswa kwengqondo yethu, kwaye isebenza njengoluhlobo lomqhubi apho uninzi lweempawu eziyimfuneko ukuze eli ziko lisebenze njengokudlula okupheleleyo.

Apha ngezantsi kukho imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enikezelwe kumtshato wangaphambi komtshato:

Ulwazi lobume bomntu (inqaku le-episodic)

Umsebenzi wangaphambi komtshato usebenza ngokunxibelelene necortex yangaphambili yasekhohlo, ebandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezinxulumene nememori ye-episodic kunye neenkumbulo zomntu. Ngale ndlela, ithatha inxaxheba kwimicimbi enjengokunikwa ingqalelo, ukubuyiselwa kwememori ye-episodic, inkumbulo yokusebenza okanye iinkqubo zokuqonda okuqinisekileyo.

1. Ukulungiswa kwamehlo

Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili apho i-pre-wedge icetyiswe ukuba ibandakanyeke kukuqhubekeka kwe-visuospatial; Lo mmandla uza kuthatha inxaxheba ukulawulwa kwengqwalaselo yendawo, xa kukho iintshukumo kwaye, kananjalo, xa kusenziwa imifanekiso.

Kukwakholelwa ukuba inoxanduva lokulungelelanisa iimoto kwiinkqubo zoqwalaselo ezahluliweyo; Oko kukuthi, xa kufuneka kutshintshelwe ingqalelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo okanye kwiindawo ezinomhlaba (umz. xa ubhala isicatshulwa okanye uzobe umzobo). Ukongeza, i-pre-wedge iyakwenziwa isebenze, kunye necortex yangaphambi kwexesha, ekusebenzeni kwengqondo okufuna ukwenziwa kwe-visuospatial.

2. Ukuzazi

Uphando olwahlukeneyo luye lwadibanisa umtshato wangaphambili kunye neenkqubo apho isazela sakho singenelela khona; Ngale ngqiqo, lo mmandla wobuchopho uza kuba nenxaxheba efanelekileyo ekuhlanganiseni umbono wethu, kwinethiwekhi yendawo, eyethutyana kunye nolwalamano lwentlalo. I-pre-wedge iya kuba negunya lokuvelisa imvakalelo yokuqhubeka phakathi kwengqondo, umzimba kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Kwizifundo ezinemifanekiso esebenzayo, kuye kwaqwalaselwa ukuba olu lwakhiwo lobuchopho luhlalutya kwaye lutolike "injongo" yabanye ngokubhekisele kuthi ; Oko kukuthi, iyakusebenza njengesixhobo sokuhlalutya izigqibo zabanye ezifuna ukutolikwa ngokwaneleyo ukuze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo (umz. ngovelwano).

3. Ukuqonda okuqondayo

Ukongeza kwindima efanelekileyo kwiinkqubo zokuzazisa, kuye kwacetyiswa ukuba i-pre-wedge inokuba, kunye ne-posterior cingate cortex, efanelekileyo ekusetyenzisweni nasekuboneni ulwazi.

Kuqatshelwe ukuba imetabolism yeswekile yeswekile inyuka kakhulu ngexesha lokuvuka, ngokuchaseneyo nokwenzekayo xa uphantsi kwempembelelo yeanesthesia. Kwakhona, ngexesha lokulala kancinci kunye nokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwamehlo okanye ukulala kwe-REM, i-pre-wedge iya kuthi icime.

Kwelinye icala, kukholelwa ukuba imisebenzi yokuqonda enxulumene nalo mmandla wobuchopho inokuba negalelo ekudibaniseni ulwazi lwangaphakathi (oluvela kwingqondo nasemizimbeni yethu) ngolwazi lwendalo okanye lwangaphandle; Ke, i-pre-wedge iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezenza ukuqonda kunye nengqondo ngokubanzi.

4. Ukudibanisa undoqo

Izifundo ezingaphezulu nangakumbi zixhasa indima yendibano yangaphambi komtshato njenge Iziko lokudibanisa uthungelwano lwe-neural yobuchopho, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuphezulu kwinethiwekhi yecortical yeli lungu kunye nokunxibelelana okuninzi kunye namandla kunye neendawo eziphambili zangaphambili ezilawula imisebenzi yolawulo njengokucwangcisa. , ukongamela kunye nokwenza izigqibo.

Ngaphambi komtshato kwisifo se-Alzheimer's

Isifo i-Alzheimer 'sisekuqaleni, iqala ngeengxaki ze-metabolic kwindawo ye-medial parietal lobes. Kubonakala ngathi ukwanda kwale mimandla yobuchopho kuko okubeka emngciphekweni othile kwi-neurodegeneration elandelayo ehlupheka kwezi zigulana.

Izifundo ezininzi zicebise ukuba kunokubakho ubudlelwane phakathi kokukhulelwa kunye nokukhula kwesi sifo sinzulu.Njengoko besesiphawulile ngaphambili, i-pre-wedge iguqukile ngokwahlukileyo ebantwini kunezilwanyana: umahluko ophambili ngokubhekisele kwezinye izilwanyana, umzekelo, kukuba olu lwakhiwo lubonisa amanqanaba aphezulu e-metabolic.

Kuyabonakala, I-pre-wedge inamanqanaba aphezulu okuphuma kwimetabolic kunokuba beyahambelana ngenxa yobungakanani bayo, eyenzeka kananjalo namaxabiso ashushu ayo. Into ehlekisayo kukuba i-Alzheimer's iqala ngeengxaki ze-metabolic ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo yeeparietali ezinzulu, apho i-pre-wedge ikhoyo. Kwaye uphawu lwe-Alzheimer's yi-phosphorylation ye-tau protein, eyenzeka kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo ezizifihla ekuphenduleni iqondo lobushushu.

Yintoni i-neuroscientists ecebisayo kukuba isifo esixhaphakileyo kunye nesimpawu sabantu njenge-Alzheimer's siyakunxulunyaniswa nemimandla yobuchopho ene-morphology ethile nasebantwini. Kwaye into abayibuzayo kukuba ukunyuka kokuntsonkotha kwezi ndawo zobuchopho kungakhokelela ekwandeni kobunzima bebhayoloji, okwesibini, kunokubangela ukwanda komthwalo we-metabolic, uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye neengxaki zeselfowuni ezichaphazela umntu kwisifo sika-Alzheimer.

Nangona kunjalo, unxibelelwano olunokubakho phakathi komtshato wangaphambi kokutsalwa kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezifanayo kunye nophuhliso lwezi kunye nezinye izifo ze-neurodegenerative kusaphandwa ngoku, ngenjongo yokufumana amachiza amatsha kunye neethagethi zonyango ezinyangayo okanye, ubuncinci, zicothise inkqubela phambili yazo.