Ukunyangwa kwengqondo kwi-ASD: Ukugxila kwiSchizophrenia

Kutshanje ndiye ndafunda inqaku elikhulu malunga neendaba ezibonakalayo malunga nokuziphatha kwabantu abagula ngengqondo kubantu abadala abane-autism (ASD) kunye nokunqongophala kwengqondo yokuphazamiseka (ADHD). Inqaku leendaba lalishwankathela iphepha lakutshanje labaphandi baseNorway elipapashwe kwiBiological Psychiatry.

Abaphandi bafundisisa iirekhodi zabantu abadala baseNorway abayi-1.7 yezigidi- abanye benesifo se-ASD, abanye bene-ADHD, abanye abane-ASD kunye ne-ADHD, kwaye abanye bengenayo i-ASD okanye i-ADHD. Injongo yayikukuqonda ngcono iipateni zoxinzelelo lwengqondo (isifo esenzeka ngokudibeneyo) kubantu abadala abane-ASD, i-ADHD, okanye zombini. Ngokukodwa, abaphandi bagxile koku kulandelayo:

Ngokubanzi, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubambisene nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo bekuphakathi kwamaxesha e-2-14 amaxesha aqhelekileyo kubantu abadala abane-ADHD kunye / okanye i-ASD xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala abangafumaneki kuvavanyo. Ipatheni yokuphazamiseka kwintlungu yokudlala yayiyeyona nto yahluke kakhulu phakathi kwamaqela. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo, ukuphazamiseka kubuntu, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwakuxhaphakile kubantu abadala abane-ADHD kunabantu abadala abane-ASD. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abadala abane-ASD babenamathuba amaninzi okuba neschizophrenia kunabantu abadala abane-ADHD. Ngapha koko, abantu abadala abane-ASD babemalunga namaxesha ali-14 amathuba okuba neschizophrenia kunabantu abadala kubemi ngokubanzi (abantu abadala abane-ADHD babemalunga namaxesha ama-4 amathuba okuba neschizophrenia kunabantu abadala kubemi ngokubanzi).

Ndinomdla ngokukodwa kwiziphumo ezinxulumene neschizophrenia kunye ne-ASD enikwe imbali yeemeko ezimbini kunye nokuqonda kwethu kwangoku ngendlela ezinokuthi zidlule ngayo. Ngokwembali, iASD kunye neschizophrenia zazithathwa njengemeko enye, kwaye igama elithi "autism" lalisetyenziswa ngokufanayo neschizophrenia kude kube ngoo-1970. Ukujonga emva kuhlala kuhlala kungama-20/20, ke kulula ukuba uzichithe iingcinga zethu zangaphambili malunga noku kungqubana okungasasebenziyo. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezinje ngentla zibonisa umxholo obalulekileyo malunga ne-ASD kunye ne-schizophrenia ethe yaqatshelwa kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo: ezi meko zimbini zibonakala zabelana ngezinto ezifanayo.

Ezi zinto ziqhelekileyo ziye zaqwalaselwa ngokuziphatha, kunye nophando lwemfuzo kunye ne-neuroscience.

Ukuziphatha, zombini ezi meko zabelana ngobunzima kunxibelelwano lwasentlalweni kunye nokubuyisana. Abantu abane-ASD abanobunzima bokuzibandakanya kwiincoko eziphindaphindayo nabanye bahlala becingelwa ukuba "banefuthe elisicaba", into leyo exhaphake kakhulu kwischizophrenia.

Ngokwe-genetics, kukho ubungqina bokulunga phakathi ukuphazamiseka. Uphando lufumene ubungqina bokuba abantwana basemngciphekweni omkhulu we-ASD ukuba banomzali onesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Oko kukuthi, ukuxilongwa kwe-schizophrenia kumzali kunyusa umngcipheko we-ASD ebantwaneni.

Uphando lwe-Neuroscience lubonakalisile ukuba omabini la maqela abonisa ukunganyanzeliswa kwecortex yangaphambili xa ujonga ubuso naxa uzibandakanya nakwithiyori yemisebenzi yengqondo. Oku kugxininisa ukufana phakathi kwezi meko zimbini kwindlela ingqondo ephendula ngayo kukhuthazo lwasentlalweni. Oku kunomdla ngakumbi kukujonga kokuziphatha ukuba unxibelelwano lwasentlalweni lunzima kuwo omabini la maqela.

Ngokwezonyango, kunzima ukufumanisa isifo schizophrenia kwi-ASD, okanye i-ASD kwi-schizophrenia. Ugqirha kufuneka enze udliwanondlebe kwaye azame ukukhupha izinto ezibizwa ngokuba ziimpawu ezimbi zeschizophrenia (ukurhoxa, iflethi echaphazela, ukunciphisa intetho) kwiimpawu zentlalo ezinxulumene ne-ASD.

Olu hlobo lokufumanisa isifo lubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abadala abancinci abane-ASD abanokufumana isifo sengqondo okokuqala, kwaye abafuna unyango ngokungxamisekileyo. Ngelishwa, iimpawu ezibonisa isiqendu sokuqala sokugula ngengqondo ngamanye amaxesha azihoywa kubantu abadala abancinci abane-ASD ukuba oogqirha kunye nabanonopheli bacinga ukuba iimpawu ziyinxalenye ye-ASD. Sibonile iimeko ezimbalwa ezinje eklinikhi, kunye nolibaziseko lonyango kubantu abadala abancinci abafumana imiqondiso yokuqala yengqondo enefuthe elibi kwiziphumo zexesha elide.

Ngokubanzi, kucacile ukuba ukufana kunye nokugqagqana phakathi kwezi meko zimbini akunakuhoywa, kwaye akufuneki kugxothwe njengengcamango ephelelwe lixesha. Kukho isidingo esithile sodliwanondlebe olungcono noluchanekileyo ukuze kufunyanwe isifo sengqondo (schizophrenia) kwi-ASD, okanye i-ASD kwabo bane-schizophrenia, kuba oku kuyakunceda ukuphucula iziphumo zabantu abaphila nezi meko.

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IChisholm, K., Lin, A., kunye neArmando, M. (2016). Ukuphazamiseka kwembonakalo yeschizophrenia kunye nokuphazamiseka kwembonakalo yengqondo. Kwiimpawu zengqondo kunye neComorbidities kwiAutism Spectrum Disorder (iphe. 51-66). Isitshisi, Cham.

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