Ukusilela kwesikolo: Oonobangela abathile kunye nokuchonga izinto

Umxholo

• Kukho iinyani ezithile kwindima yazo ekubonakala kweengxaki zemfundo ezingananzwa.
• Ukungaphumeleli kwesikolo noonobangela baso
• Ezinye izinto ezonyusa ukungaphumeleli kwesikolo
• I-Acalculia kunye neengxaki zokuqiqa ngenani
• Ezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo zeengxaki zokubala
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngenxa yokungaqwalaselwa
• Isiphiwo sobukrelekrele
• Ukwazisa ngendalo
• Utshintsho kumaziko ukwenza amaziko emfundo aquka bonke
• Intsomi yobudala bexesha
• Ukuququmbela

Kukho iinyani ezithile kwindima yazo ekubonakala kweengxaki zemfundo ezingananzwa.

Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, bekukho ukwanda okubonakalayo kubukho ye abafundi abayeka isikolo kubemi baseSpain, ukusuka kwi-14% ngo-2011 ukuya kuma-20% ngo-2015, ukuya kwindawo apho eli lizwe lifikelela kwelona zinga liphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abantu. ye-European Union (i-Eurostat, 2016).

Obona bunzima buqhele ukufunyanwa bubhekisa kutshintsho ekufundeni nasekubhaleni okanye kwi-dyslexia (ngomndilili we-10%) okanye enxulumene ne-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ngomyinge ophakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-5% yabafundi).

Nangona kunjalo, zikho ezinye iingxaki ukuba, ngaphandle kokuba rhoqo njengoko kubonisiwe, kunokubangela ubukho besifo ekufundeni esibaluleke ngokwaneleyo de ekugqibeleni sikhokelele ekusileleni kwesikolo.

Ukungaphumeleli kwesikolo noonobangela baso

Ukungaphumeleli kwesikolo, kuqondwa njenge ubunzima bokuqhelanisa kunye nokugcina umxholo wezifundo esekwe yinkqubo yemfundo esekwe kubudala kunye nokukhula komntwana, inokuqhutywa zizizathu ezininzi zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, ayinakuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba uxanduva kufuneka luwele kuphela kumfundi, kodwa ukuba imeko yoluntu kunye nemeko yosapho zinempembelelo efanelekileyo.

Phakathi kwezinto ezinokubangela ukubonakala kokungaphumeleli kwesikolo Kumfundi oku kulandelayo:

Kwelinye icala, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, kukho uthotho lweemeko ezithi bhekisa ekusebenzeni kakubi, kwezinye iimeko, kwinkqubo yemfundo, Ezenza mandundu ngakumbi iziphumo ezifumaneka kubukho bezinto ezidweliswe apha ngasentla. Imiba ye-Methodological, izimo zengqondo zokufundisa, iindlela zokufundisa ezingagunyaziswanga kwaye ezingasasebenziyo zibangela ukuba inani lokufundisa lingalungiselelwa ngokwaneleyo ukulungiselela aba bafundi ngeempawu ezibonisiweyo, eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwazo.

Ezinye izinto ezonyusa ukungaphumeleli kwesikolo

Apha ngezantsi kukho ezintathu zeengxaki zihlala zinganakwa kuba zahlukile kubunzima obuqhelekileyo obuhambelana nokufunda nokubhala.

Ngendlela efanayo nale, ezo zichazwe apha ngezantsi zinokubangela ukungaphumeleli komfundi ukuba akafumaneki kwaye angenelele ngokwaneleyo.

I-Acalculia kunye neengxaki zokuqiqa ngenani

I-Acalculia ijikelezwe ngaphakathi kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yiNgxaki yokuFunda ngokuKhethekileyo kwaye ichaziwe, njengoko kucetywayo nguSolomon Eberhard Henschen (owaqala ukuyila eli gama ngo-1919) ngohlobo lotshintsho lwee-calculus ezinokufunyanwa kukonzakala kwengqondo okanye nangenxa yobukho beengxaki ngexesha lokufunda.

Ngokwalo mbhali, i-acalculia ayihlali kunye neempawu ze-aphasic okanye ukungasebenzi kweelwimi ngokubanzi. Emva kwexesha, umfundi wakhe uBerger, wenza umahluko phakathi kwe-acalculia yamabanga aphantsi kunye nasesekondari. Kwimeko yokuqala, kubhekiswa kuhlobo oluthile lotshintsho kubuchule bokubala kwaye aluhambelani nokuphambuka kokukhetha kwezinye iinkqubo ezisisiseko zokuqonda ezinje ngememori okanye ingqalelo. Ngokuchasene noko, i-acalculia yesibini ineempawu ezibanzi nezibanzi ngokubanzi kwaye inxulunyaniswa notshintsho kwezi nkqubo zisisiseko zokuqonda.

Ukusuka kwiindlela zokuqala kwavela ukuhlelwa kukaHenri Hécaen, owahlula phakathi kwe-acalculia aléxica (ukuqonda abalinganiswa bemathematika) kunye ne-agráfica (intetho ebhaliweyo yoonobumba be-arithmetic), indawo (ulungiselelo kunye nendawo yamanani, imiqondiso kunye nezinye izinto zezibalo esithubeni) kunye ne-arithmetic (ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwemisebenzi ye-arithmetic).

Ezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo zeengxaki zokubala

UMcCloskey noCamarazza bachazile umahluko phakathi kohlobo lotshintsho ekusetyenzisweni kwamanani okanye ekuqiqiseni (ukuqonda kunye nokuveliswa kwabalinganiswa bamanani) ngokubhekisele kwabo banxulumene ngakumbi nenkqubo yokubala (iinkqubo zokwenza imisebenzi yezibalo).

Ngokumalunga nohlobo lokuqala lobunzima, kunokwenzeka ukwahlula phakathi kwezinto ezimbini, ezinokukhokelela kwiindidi ezimbini zotshintsho: izinto ezibandakanyekayo kwimveliso yamanani ama-Arabhu kunye nabo babandakanyeka kwimveliso yamanani omlomo. Eli candelo lokugqibela liquka iinkqubo ezimbini: ukucwangciswa kwelwimi (isandi, okunxulumene nesandi somlomo sabalinganiswa bamanani, kunye nemizobo, iseti yeempawu ezibhaliweyo kunye neesimboli) kunye nokwenziwa (ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto ukunika intsingiselo yehlabathi kwinkcazo yenani ).

Ngokubhekiselele kutshintsho kubalo, Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kufuneka kubekho ukusebenza okwaneleyo kwinqanaba lokucwangciswa kwamanani kwangaphambili, kuba amandla okuqonda kunye nokuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo izinto zamanani eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezibalo ezithile, kunye nolwalamano, kubalulekile. phakathi kweempawu ezahlukeneyo zezibalo kunye nokusebenza kwazo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngomthamo owaneleyo wokuqhubekeka ngokwamanani, kunokubakho ubunzima ekwenzeni ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo kulandelelwano lwamanyathelo ekufuneka elandelwe ukwenza olu hlobo lwenkqubo okanye ukukhumbula ngentloko indibaniselwano yesiqhelo yezibalo (njengomzekelo iitafile zokuphindaphinda) .

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngenxa yokungaqwalaselwa

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngokwengqondo kwenzeka xa umfundi engakwazi ukuthatha iinjongo zengqondo zengqondo ezicetywayo zonyaka othile wokufunda. Le nyaniso ikhokelela Ukuqokelelwa kwemfundo engafumanekiyo yengqondo lonto iqokelela kwizifundo zamva nje ukuba ayifumaneki kwaye kuthathwe amanyathelo kuyo xa kujongwa izalathi zokuqala zokuqinisekisa.

Izifundo ezichaphazeleka rhoqo ziiprayimari : ulwimi nemathematics. Ngokwesiqhelo imvelaphi yolu hlobo lweengxaki ivela:

Olu hlobo lotshintsho lwahlukile kwi-ADHD okoko le yokugqibela kufuneka ihlangane neenqobo zokuziphatha kwezi ndawo zintathu zichaphazelekayo: ingqalelo, ukungxamiseka kunye / okanye uxinzelelo.

Isiphiwo sobukrelekrele

Ngokubhekisele kubukrelekrele bengqondo, zininzi izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuthintelo lokungaphumeleli kwesikolo kubafundi abanezakhono eziphezulu kakhulu ngokwasengqondweni:

Ukwazisa ngendalo

Ukwazisa kunye nokwenziwa kwinqanaba loluntu lwezemfundo ukuba olu hlobo lweqela luneempawu ezithile kwaye ke iimfuno ezizodwa zemfundo zibaluleke kakhulu.

Utshintsho kumaziko ukwenza amaziko emfundo aquka bonke

Nje ukuba inqaku langaphambili loyisiwe, kufuneka libekho ukulungelelaniswa kwenkqubo yemfundo ngokubanzi ukwenza amaziko emfundo (izikolo, amaziko, iiyunivesithi, njl. Ikwabaluleke ngokulinganayo inyani yokubonelela ngala maziko ngezixhobo, ezemali, ezobuqu kunye nezobugcisa ezivumela iziko ngokwalo ukuba libonelele ngenkonzo yalo yezemfundo ngokufanelekileyo.

Intsomi yobudala bexesha

Omnye umba obalulekileyo kukuba uluvo olwamkelwe ngokwesiqhelo lokuba unyaka wezifundo kufuneka uhambelane nexesha elithile lokulandelelana kufuneka lipheliswe. Kubonakala ngathi kufakwe kwinqanaba elikhulu kwimeko "yokuphinda" abafundi, kodwa akunjalo kwabo bafanele ukuba "baqhubele phambili". Njengoko sele idluliselwe kwisilabhasi iphela, Umfundi ngamnye ubeka izinto ezithile kwaye mayibe yimfundo ehambelana neempawu zomfundi hayi eyahlukileyo. Yiyo loo nto, ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kokumiliselwa kweekharityhulam zeli qela kufuneka kusetyenziswe ngaphandle kokuthandabuza kwaye ngendlela ebanzi.

Ke ngoko, Iinjongo eziza kulandelwa kulungelelwaniso lweekharityhulam olo kufuneka ijolise:

Ukuququmbela

Emva kwento echaziweyo kwisicatshulwa, kubonakala kufanelekile ukuqaphela zonke izinto ezo zibangela amazinga aphezulu okuphuma kwabafundi esikolweni.

Kude ekugxekeni kuphela ubukho okanye ukungabikho komfundi ekufundeni, zininzi ezinye izinto ezinxulumene nohlobo lokufundisa olufundiswayo, indlela yokufundisa esetyenzisiweyo, imikhwa kunye namaxabiso adluliswa lusapho ngokunxulumene nokufunda Oku kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwakhona ukuphumeza injongo yokuphungula ipesenti yokungaphumeleli kwesikolo.