Ingqondo kunye neNonsense malunga neMidlalo yeVidiyo yeziyobisi

Umxholo

• Zithini ezona ziphumo zemidlalo yevidiyo kwingqondo?
• Uchongwa njani umdlalo wevidiyo kwaye uxhaphake kangakanani?
• Iziyobisi eziBalulekileyo ziyaFundwa
• Ukudlala iNdima yeVidiyo yeMidlalo kuQeqesho lweziyobisi

"YI-DIGITAL HEROIN: INDLELA IZISEKO EZIJIKISELA NGAYO ABANTWANA KWIJUNKI YENGQONDO."

Lowo ngumxholo ophambili wokukhwaza ngaphezulu INew York Post inqaku, nguGqirha Nicholas Kardaras (2016), abafundi abaninzi abayithumela kum nje emva kokuba ipapashwe okokuqala. Kwinqaku, uKardaris uthi, “Ngoku siyazi ukuba ezo iPads, ii-smartphones kunye nee-Xbox ziluhlobo lweziyobisi zedijithali. Uphando lwakutshanje lokucinga ngengqondo lubonisa ukuba ziyayichaphazela i-cortex yangaphambili yengqondo-elawula ukusebenza kwesigqeba, kubandakanya nolawulo lwempembelelo-kanye ngendlela efanayo necocaine. ”

Nangona uKardaras esithi ezi ziphumo zoyikisayo zibangelwa lulo lonke uhlobo lokusetyenziswa kwescreen, ukhetha ngokukodwa ividiyo yokudlala, xa esithi: "Injalo loo nto-ingqondo yomntwana wakho kwiMinecraft ijongeka njengengqondo kwiziyobisi." Bububhanxa obugqithisileyo, kwaye ukuba uKardaras ufundile olona ncwadi luphando ngeziphumo zobuchopho kwimidlalo yevidiyo angayazi.

Unokufumana iintloko ezininzi ezothusayo kunye namanqaku kwenye indawo kwimithombo yeendaba ezaziwayo, kubandakanya ezinye apha Psychology Namhlanje . Into ebonakala yoyikisa kakhulu kubazali, kwaye ibhenela kwiintatheli nakwabanye abazama ukubamba ingqalelo yabafundi, zizalathiso zophando ezibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwescreen, ngakumbi ividiyo yokudlala, ichaphazela ingqondo. Ukucinga ukuba abantu abaninzi batsiba kukuba nayiphi na impembelelo kwingqondo kufuneka ibe yingozi.

Zithini ezona ziphumo zemidlalo yevidiyo kwingqondo?

Uphando awayethetha ngalo uKardaris lubonisa ukuba iindlela ezithile kwi-forebrain, apho i-dopamine yi-neurotransmitter, isebenza xa abantu bedlala imidlalo yevidiyo, kunye neziyobisi ezinjenge-heroin zisebenzisa ezinye zeendlela ezifanayo. Oko okushiywa nguKardaris kunye namanye amanqaku, kunjalo, yinto yokuba yonke into eyonwabisayo iyazisebenzisa ezi ndlela. Ezi ziindlela zokuzonwabisa zobuchopho. Ukuba umdlalo wevidiyo awuzange unyuse umsebenzi kwezi ndlela zedopaminergic, kuya kufuneka sigqibe kwelokuba umdlalo wevidiyo awukho mnandi. Olona hlobo kuphela lokuphepha ukuvelisa olu hlobo lwesiphumo kwingqondo iya kuba kukuthintela yonke into eyonwabisayo.

Njengabaphandi bemidlalo uPatrick Markey kunye noChristopher Ferguson (2017) abonisa kwincwadi yakutshanje, ividiyo yokudlala iphakamisa amanqanaba e-dopamine kwingqondo ukuya kwinqanaba elifanayo lokutya isilayi sepilisi ye-pepperoni okanye isitya se-ayisi khrim (ngaphandle kweekhalori). Oko kukuthi, iphakamisa i-dopamine ukuphindaphinda kabini inqanaba lokuphumla eliqhelekileyo, ngelixa iziyobisi ezinjenge-heroin, icocaine, okanye i-amphetamine iphakamisa i-dopamine ngamaxesha ali-10 kangako.

Kodwa eneneni, umdlalo wevidiyo usebenze ngaphezulu kweendlela zokonwaba, kwaye ezinye iziphumo azifani kwaphela neziphumo zeziyobisi. Ukudlala kubandakanya imisebenzi emininzi yokuqonda, ngenxa yoko kufuneka isebenze iinxalenye zengqondo ezenza loo misebenzi. Kutshanje, isazinzulu uMarc Palaus kunye noogxa bakhe (2017) bapapashe uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo lonke uphando abanokulufumana-oluvela kumanqaku apheleleyo ali-116 apapashiweyo- malunga nemiphumela yokudlala ividiyo kwingqondo. [3] Iziphumo yile nto umntu aqhelene nophando lobuchopho anokuyilindela. Imidlalo ebandakanya i-acuity ebonakalayo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kusebenze iinxalenye zobuchopho ezithi zibonakalise amandla okujonga kunye nokuqwalaselwa. Imidlalo ebandakanya inkumbulo yendawo eyenza ukuba iinxalenye ezithile zobuchopho zibandakanyeke kwimemori yendawo. Kwaye nangokunjalo.

Ngapha koko, olunye uphando olujongwe nguPalaus kunye noogxa bakhe lubonisa ukuba umdlalo awupheleli nje kwiziphumo zomsebenzi wexeshana kwiindawo ezininzi zobuchopho, kodwa, ekuhambeni kwexesha, kunokubangela ukukhula kwexesha elide ubuncinci kwezinye zezo ndawo. Ukudlala ngokubanzi kunokonyusa ivolumu ye-hippocampus yasekunene kunye ne-entorhinal cortex, ebandakanyeka kwimemori yendawo kunye nokuhamba. Inokonyusa ivolumu yemimandla engaphambi kwengqondo ebandakanyekayo ekusebenzeni kolawulo, kubandakanya ukubanakho ukusombulula iingxaki nokwenza izigqibo ezinengqiqo. Iziphumo ezinjalo ziyahambelana nophando lokuziphatha olubonisa ukuba ividiyo yokudlala inokuvelisa ukuphuculwa kobuchule bokuqonda (endikhe ndayijonga apha ngaphambili). Ingqondo yakho, ngale ndlela, ifana nenkqubo yakho yemisipha. Ukuba usebenzisa iinxalenye ezithile zawo, loo malungu akhula abe makhulu aze abe namandla ngakumbi. Ewe umdlalo wevidiyo unokutshintsha ingqondo, kodwa iziphumo ezibhaliweyo zilungile, hayi ezimbi.

Uchongwa njani umdlalo wevidiyo kwaye uxhaphake kangakanani?

Uloyiko olusasazwa ngamanqaku afana nekaKardaris kukuba abantu abancinci abadlala imidlalo yevidiyo kunokwenzeka ukuba babe "ngamakhoboka kubo." Sonke siyayazi ukuba kuthetha ntoni ukuba likhoboka lenikotini, utywala, iheroin, okanye ezinye iziyobisi. sinempawu ezibi, zokurhoxa emzimbeni xa uyeka ukusebenzisa iyeza, ke siqhutywa kukuqhubeka silisebenzisa nokuba siyazi ukuba liyasenzakalisa kwaye sifuna ukuyeka. Kodwa kuthetha ntoni ukuba likhoboka lomdlalo, njengemidlalo yevidiyo (okanye ukukhwela kwi-surf, okanye nayiphi na into oyithandayo)?

Umbuzo wokuba ingaba igama "umlutha" uluncedo na, ngokunxulumene nokudlala ividiyo yevidiyo, lixoxwa kakhulu ziingcali. Okwangoku, uMbutho waseAmerican Psychiatric Association uthathela ingqalelo ukongezwa "kweNgcaciso yeMidlalo ye-Intanethi" (ixesha labo lokulutha umdlalo wevidiyo) kwincwadi yabo yokuqonda isifo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba uninzi lwabadlali bevidiyo, kubandakanya abo batshone kakhulu kwimidlalo kwaye bachitha ixesha elininzi kubo, ubuncinci basempilweni ngokwengqondo, ngokwasentlalweni, nangokomzimba njengabo bangengabo abadlali. Ngapha koko, kwiposti yam elandelayo ndiza kuchaza ubungqina obubonisa ukuba, ngokomndilili, basempilweni kunabangengabo abadlali kuzo zonke ezi zinto. Kodwa kwa olu phando lunye lubonisa ukuba ezinye iipesenti ezincinci zabadlala ngokubandezeleka ngokwasemphefumlweni ngeendlela ezingancediyo ngokudlala kwaye mhlawumbi zisiba mandundu. Kukufumanisa okukhokelela kuMbutho weAmerican Psychiatric Association ukuba uphakamise ukongezwa kweNgxaki yeMidlalo ye-Intanethi (IGD) kwincwadi yayo esemthethweni yokuphazamiseka.

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