Amagqabantshintshi oBuntu boSondo ngo-2011

Umxholo

• Ukwabelana ngesondo kubalulekile
• Ukuzisola ngezeSondo Akutshintshi indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo kwixa elizayo

Unyaka ka-2011 uvelise uluhlu olunomdla lwesayensi yesimilo. Nazi izinto ezi-10 ezibalulekileyo ezifunyenweyo- ikakhulu ezikwisayikholojhe zentlalo- eziye zanceda ukukhanyisa ukuqonda kwethu kwendlela kwaye kutheni abantu behlukile ngokwesondo.

10. Ukuvunyelwa kunye nokukhethwa kwamaqabane . Abantu abavumelekileyo ngokwesondo (abo bafuna kwaye banamaxesha amancinci esondo) bahlala befuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaqabane kunabalingani babo abangatshatanga. Ngo-2011, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba amadoda avumelekileyo athambekele ekubekeni ixabiso ngaphezulu kunamanye amadoda kubafazi abanamabele amakhulu (iZelazniewicz kunye nePawlowski, ngo-2011), ngelixa abafazi abavumayo bebeka ugxininiso ngokukodwa kulungelelwaniso lobuso bendoda (Quist et al., 2011 ). Ubungqina obuninzi ngakumbi nangakumbi buqokelela ukucebisa ukuba ngaphakathi kuthi sonke sinezesini ezibini-isayikholoji yexesha elide ukuba nomntu ongatshatanga naye kunye nesayikholoji yokuziphatha gwenxa kwexesha elifutshane. Yeyiphi elawulayo ixhomekeke kwezinye izinto zobuntu bethu ngokwesondo.

9. I-Testosterone kunye neSini esahlukileyo . Indlela amadoda asebenzisana ngayo nabanye inokuchaphazeleka ngamanqanaba e testosterone kunye nobukho nje besini esahlukileyo. Ngo-2011, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba iprosesa yendoda iphakame ngakumbi emva kokuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano, kokukhona eqhula nabafazi abangaqhelekanga (van der Meij et al., 2011); phakathi kwamadoda acinga ukuba aphetheyo ngokwasentlalweni, abo bane-testosterone ephezulu bathambekele ekubeni babalasele kukhuphiswano namanye amadoda (kwaye abafazi kwisifundo bahlala becinga ukuba "bacofe" ngakumbi ngala madoda aphezulu e-testosterone; Slatcher et al., 2011) ; kunye namandla amadoda (kodwa hayi abafazi) okucinga ngokucacileyo ayaphazamiseka xa beza kunxibelelana nabantu besini esahlukileyo (Nauts et al., 2011). Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe testosterone kunye nobuntu bezesondo phantse bungaze bulula njengoko i-testosterone ngakumbi ithetha ukuba nomnqweno wesini kunye nokuziphatha, kodwa izifundo ezitsha ziyaqhubeka nokupeyinta umfanekiso osengqiqweni ngakumbi wokuba iihomoni zethu zesini zinokuchaphazela njani ubuntu bethu ngokwesondo.

8. Umahluko ngokwesini kwiMvakalelo . Ngokomndilili, abasetyhini kunye namadoda bafumana iimvakalelo ngokwahluka kancinci, ezinje ngohlobo lokuba abantu basetyhini bafumane uxinzelelo ngakumbi kunye noxinzelelo kunamadoda. Ngo-2011, izifundo zafumanisa ukuba abafazi bathanda ukukhumbula amagama amabi ngakumbi kuluhlu lwamagama (nokuba amagama angekhoyo) kunamadoda (Dewhurst et al., 2011); Abasetyhini abonwabileyo (kodwa hayi abesilisa) kunye namadoda aziqhenyayo (kodwa hayi abesifazana) abonwa njengawona anomtsalane ngokwesondo (iTracy & Beall, 2011); Ukwahluka ngokwesondo kwiimvakalelo zekhwele kubonakala ngathi kugqitha ezinye izinto ezininzi zesini sethu (Confer et al., 2011; Kuhle, 2011; Tagler et al., 2011). Uninzi lweenkqubo zethu ezisisiseko zeemvakalelo zibambelele kuthi Homo sapiens sapiens ingqondo, kodwa indlela ezi mvakalelo zinamava ngayo kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo iimvakalelo kubomi bethu bezesondo kunokuxhomekeka, ngokuyinxenye, kwisini sethu sendalo.

7. Ubuntu besini kubantu abatshatileyo . Zimbalwa kakhulu izifundo ezenziweyo ngokwahluka ngokwenkcubeko kubuntu bezesini kwizibini ezitshatileyo. Ngo-2011, uphononongo lwezibini ezitshatileyo kwiinkcubeko ezintandathu kwafumanisa ukuba iyantlukwano ngokwesini iphelele (ngokomndilili, abayeni bafuna isini ngakumbi kubafazi babo), kodwa abanye bengengabo (amadoda awahlali enezinto ezininzi); uphononongo lwezibini ezindala kwiinkcubeko ezintlanu zifumene abafazi (kodwa hayi amadoda) bathanda ukoneliseka ngakumbi ngokwesondo njengoko bekhula (UHeiman et al., 2011); kunye nesifundo sabasandul 'ukutshata-ngelixa bengenqamleziyo-ngokwenkcubeko-okunomdla kufumanise ukuba ukuba naye Ukuxolela ubuntu bezesondo kungakhokelela kwiqabane lakho ekuqhubekekeni ngeendlela zabo ezinobundlongondlongo (McNulty, 2011). Ubuninzi bobuntu bethu bezesondo benzeka ngokunxibelelana nabanye, kwaye kubonakala ngathi nokuba yinkcubeko esivela kuyo ayibalulekanga enye ngaphezu kweqabane lethu eliphambili lexesha elide.

6. Izinto zokusiNgqongileyo zichaphazela ubuNtu . Kukho imeko evelayo yokuba imeko yendawo kunye neemeko zentlalo zinokuchaphazela ubuntu bethu bezesondo. Ngo-2011, uphando olulingwayo lwafumanisa amavumba amabi kwindawo engqongileyo ekhokelela ekubeni abantu bazimisele ukusebenzisa iikhondom (UTybur et al., 2011); isifundo sifumene iyantlukwano kwinkcubeko ngokwesini esivela kubantu abakhetha amaqabane ngokufunda ngokukopa ukuthanda imeko ephezulu kunye nokutsala abanye kwiimeko zabo zasekuhlaleni (Little et al., 2011); kwaye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba ukwabelana ngesondo ngaphandle komtshato kuhlala kuphezulu kakhulu kwiinkcubeko zokutya, ngakumbi phakathi kwabasetyhini (Scelza, 2011). Kubonakala ngathi uninzi lwesini sethu luxhomekeke kwimeko-bume yethu, ngakumbi kunokuba abantu abaninzi beqonda.

5. Ubume be-Ovulatory kunye nokuThintela ukukhulelwa komlomo kuchaphazela ubuNtu . Esinye sezona ziphumo zibalulekileyo kuphando lobuntu bezesondo kukuba iminqweno kunye nokuziphatha kwabasetyhini kubonakala kutshintsha kumjikelo wabo we-ovulatory. Ngo-2011, uphononongo lufumanise ukuba abasetyhini abathatha ipilisi bathanda ukukhetha "abafana abalungileyo" njengamaqabane, kodwa baphele bengonelisekanga ngokwesondo (URoberts et al., 2011); uphononongo lufumanise ukuba ubuntu babasetyhini buba shushu ngexesha lesigaba sabo se-ovulatory (Markey et al., 2011); kwaye olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba xa abasetyhini bekwinqanaba labo lokuchuma, amadoda abangqongileyo enza izigqibo eziyingozi (Miller et al., 2011). Ezi ziphumo zinokubonakala zingaqhelekanga kwaye uninzi lweziphumo zinobuqili, kodwa uphando ngakumbi nangakumbi olusuka kwiilebhu kwihlabathi liphela lubonisa ukuba i-ovulation yabasetyhini idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubuntu bethu bezesondo.

4. Ixabiso leMate kunye noBuntu beSondo . Indlela esijongwa ngayo ngabanye-nokuba sikwizikhundla eziphezulu, sinomtsalane ngokwasemzimbeni, njalo njalo-sinokuba nefuthe elinamandla kumava ezesondo thina kunye namaqabane ethu. Kwi-2011, uphononongo lufumanise ukuba abantu basetyhini bathanda ukwenza i-orgasm rhoqo xa besabelana ngesondo namaqabane anomtsalane (kodwa hayi xa bezonwabisa, ngenxa yoko isiphumo kubonakala ngathi sivela kwixabiso lomlingane oyindoda; I-Puts et al., 2011); uphononongo lwabantu abafuna ukutya abantu bafumana amadoda anezikhundla eziphezulu kunye nodumo bathambekele ekubeni namaqabane amaninzi ezesondo (kubandakanya nemicimbi yomtshato ongaphezulu; von Rueden et al., 2011); kwaye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba abantu basetyhini bathanda ukuba neentloni kumlingane onomtsalane njengamadoda kuba besoyika ukuba la madoda azokungathembeki, kodwa olu loyiko aluzange lubonakale phakathi kwabasetyhini nabo abanomtsalane kakhulu (Chu et al., 2011). Kubantu abaninzi, ubuntu babo ngokwesondo babonakala ngathi, ngenxa yenxalenye, kwixabiso labo njengeqabane elinokubakho, elinemiphumela eyahlukileyo yamadoda nabasetyhini.

3. Amehlo ethu, amazwi, imilebe, kunye namalungu esini abonisa ubuntu besini. Kwakudla ngokucinga ukuba imizimba yethu ayinanto yakwenza kwaphela nobuntu bethu. Ngo-2011, abaphandi bafumana ubudlelwane obunomdla phakathi kwemizimba yethu kunye nobuntu bethu ngokwesini.Kwisifundo esinye, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba umsesane omnyama mkhulu ngamehlo ethu (isilayidi esincinci esimnyama esingqonge indawo enemibala ye-iris), kokukhona abantu besifumana sinomtsalane (Peshek et al., 2011); Isifundo sesibini safumanisa amazwi abantu anzulu, kokukhona baqondwa ngokungathembeki (O'Connor et al., 2011); Isifundo sesithathu sifumanise ukuba icandelo eliphakathi lomlomo wasetyhini ophakamileyo (obizwa ngokuba yi-tubercle), kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba abe ne-orgasms (Brody et al., 2011); kwaye okokugqibela isifundo sifumene umgama omde phakathi kwe-clitoris yomfazi kunye nenyama yakhe ye-urethral (ebonisa ukubonakaliswa okuphezulu kokubeleka kwe-androgen), kuncinci amathuba okuba afumane i-orgasms (Wallen et al., 2011). Imizimba yethu yomzimba ibonakala ngathi yenziwe yimikhombandlela kunye nemikhondo kubuntu bethu bexesha elidlulileyo, elangoku, nakwisondo elizayo.

2. Ukuxhathisa ukungathembeki kuxhomekeke kubuntu bezesondo. Uninzi lwezifundo lubonakalisile ukuba iimpawu zethu zobuntu-njengokukhuphela ngaphezulu kunye nokunyanzelwa-zinxulumene nokuba siyaqhatha kumaqabane ethu okanye sihlale sithembekile. Ngo-2011, abaphandi bafumanisa inkalo yobuntu bethu ebizwa ngokuba "lilawulo elilawulayo" kubaluleke kakhulu ekunyanisekeni ngokwesondo, ngakumbi ngokwamandla ethu okumelana nokudlala ngothando nabantu abathandanayo besini esahlukileyo (Pronk et al., 2011). Kwelinye icala elichasene nengqekembe luphawu lokuncamathisela, njengoko abantu abalahla ezothando bethanda ukujonga ngakumbi iindlela ezinomtsalane kwiqabane labo kwaye abo bantu baphambuke ngakumbi ekuhambeni kwexesha (UDeWall et al., 2011). Okokugqibela, uMark et al. (2011) ifumanise ukuba phakathi kwabasetyhini (kodwa hayi emadodeni), ukungoneliseki yimicimbi yomntu ngobudlelwane njengobuntu bethu ekuqikeleleni ukungathembeki. Ukukwazi ukuhlala sigxile, siziva sisondele ngokwenyani, kwaye sikhetha iqabane elonelisayo konke kubonakala ngathi zizitshixo zokuvula ezona zinto sizithembileyo ngokwesini.

Ukwabelana ngesondo kubalulekile

Ukuzisola ngezeSondo Akutshintshi indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo kwixa elizayo