Iindidi ezi-7 zoonxantathu: Ukwahlula-hlula ngokokuma kwawo kunye nee-engile

Umxholo

• Imilo yejiyometri enokwahlulwa ngokweempawu ezahlukeneyo.
• Ukusebenziseka koonxantathu
• Yintoni unxantathu
• Uyifumana njani iperimeter kunye nommandla wonxantathu
• Bahlelwa njani oonxantathu
• Oonxantathu ngokobude bamacala abo
• 1. Unxantathu olinganayo
• 2. Unxantathu weScalne
• 3. Isosceles unxantathu
• Oonxantathu ngokweeengile zabo
• 4. Unxantathu ongasekunene
• 5. unxantathu osisiqalo
• 6. Unxantathu oyingozi
• 7. Unxantathu olinganayo
• isiphelo

Imilo yejiyometri enokwahlulwa ngokweempawu ezahlukeneyo.

Ngexesha lobuntwana bethu, sonke kuye kwafuneka siye kwiiklasi zezibalo esikolweni, apho kuye kwafuneka sifunde iindidi ezahlukeneyo zoonxantathu. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iminyaka ihamba, sinokulibala ezinye zezinto esizifundileyo. Kwabanye abantu imathematika lilizwe elinomdla, kodwa abanye bayonwabela ngakumbi iileta.

Kule nqaku siza kuqwalasela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonxantathu, ke kunokuba luncedo ukuhlaziya ezinye iikhonsepthi ezifundwe ngaphambili okanye ukufunda izinto ezintsha ezazingaziwa.

Ukusebenziseka koonxantathu

Kwimathematika, kufundwa ijiyometri, kwaye kufikelelwa kumanani ojiyometri ahlukeneyo njengoonxantathu. Olu lwazi luluncedo kwizizathu ezininzi; umzekelo: ukwenza imizobo yobugcisa okanye ukucwangcisa indawo yokwakha kunye nokwakhiwa kwayo.

Ngale ndlela, ngokungafaniyo noxande olunokuthi luguqulwe lube yiparalelogram xa kusetyenziswa amandla kwelinye lamacala alo, amacala onxantathu ayazinza. Ngenxa yokuba ngqongqo kweemilo, oososayensi babonisa ukuba unxantathu unokumelana namandla aphezulu ngaphandle kokukhubazeka. Ke ngoko, abakhi bezakhiwo kunye neenjineli basebenzisa oonxantathu xa besakha iibhlorho, uphahla ezindlwini, nakwezinye izakhiwo. Xa oonxantathu bakhelwe kwizakhiwo, ukuxhathisa kuyonyuka ngokunciphisa intshukumo esecaleni.

Yintoni unxantathu

Unxantathu yipoligoni, inani elisicaba lejiyometri elinendawo kodwa akukho umthamo. Bonke oonxantathu banamacala amathathu, ii-vertices ezintathu nee-engile zangaphakathi ezintathu, kwaye udibaniso lwalawa ngu-180º

Unxantathu wenziwe:

Kula manani, elinye lamacala kweli nani lihlala lingaphantsi kwesibalo samanye amacala amabini, nakunxantathu onamacala alinganayo, ii-engile zawo ezichaseneyo nazo ziyalingana.

Uyifumana njani iperimeter kunye nommandla wonxantathu

Imilinganiselo emibini esinomdla wokwazi malunga noonxantathu yipherimitha kunye nendawo. Ukubala eyokuqala, kuya kufuneka ukongeza ubude bamacala ayo onke:

P = a + b + c

Endaweni yokufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi indawo yeli nani, le fomyula ilandelayo isetyenziswa:

A = ½ (bh)

Ke ngoko, indawo kanxantathu isisiseko (b) ukuphakama kwamaxesha (h) kwahlulwe kabini, kwaye ixabiso elikhokelayo lale nxaki libonakaliswe kwiiyunithi zesikwere.

Bahlelwa njani oonxantathu

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonxantathu, kwaye zona zihlelwa ngokujonga ubude bamacala azo kunye nobubanzi bee-engile. Ukuthathela ingqalelo amacala ayo, kukho iintlobo ezintathu: i-equilateral, isosceles kunye ne-scalene. Ngokusekwe kwii-engile zabo, sinako ukwahlula phakathi koonxantathu abalungileyo, abatyebe, abarhabaxa, nabalinganayo.

Siya kwiinkcukacha zazo ngezantsi.

Oonxantathu ngokobude bamacala abo

Ukuthatha ubude bamacala, oonxantathu banokuba ziindidi ezahlukeneyo.

1. Unxantathu olinganayo

Unxantathu olinganayo unamacala amathathu obude obulinganayo, okwenza ukuba ibe yipoligoni rhoqo. Ii-angles zikunxantathu olinganayo nazo ziyalingana (60º inye). Indawo yolu hlobo lonxantathu yingcambu ka 3 ngamatyeli amane ubude becala eliphindwe kabini. Umjikelezo uyimveliso yobude becala elinye (l) kunye nesithathu (P = 3 l)

2. Unxantathu weScalne

Unxantathu wesikali unamacala amathathu obude obahlukeneyo, ii-engile zayo zinamanyathelo ahlukeneyo. Umjikelezo ulingana nesixa sobude bamacala awo amathathu. Oko kukuthi: P = a + b + c.

3. Isosceles unxantathu

Unxantathu we-isosceles unamacala amabini alinganayo kunye nee-engile ezimbini, kunye nendlela yokufumana iperimeter yile: P = 2 l + b.

Oonxantathu ngokweeengile zabo

Oonxantathu banokwahlulwa ngokobubanzi bee-engile zabo.

4. Unxantathu ongasekunene

Babonakaliswa ngokuba ne-engile elungileyo yangaphakathi, enexabiso lama-90º. Imilenze ngamacala enza le engile, ngelixa i-hypotenuse ingqinelana necala elichaseneyo. Indawo yalo nxantathu iyimveliso yemilenze yayo yahlulwe kabini. Oko kukuthi: A = ½ (bc).

5. unxantathu osisiqalo

Olu hlobo lonxantathu lune-engile enkulu kune-90 ° kodwa ingaphantsi kwe-180 °, ebizwa ngokuba yi "butuse", neeangles ezibukhali ezingaphantsi kwama-90 °.

6. Unxantathu oyingozi

Olu hlobo lonxantathu luphawulwa zii-engile zalo ezintathu ezingaphantsi kwe-90 °

7. Unxantathu olinganayo

Ngunxantathu olinganayo, kuba ii-angles zangaphakathi zilingana nama-60 °.

isiphelo

Phantse sonke siye sayifunda ijiyometri esikolweni, kwaye siqhelene noonxantathu. Kodwa kule minyaka idlulileyo, abantu abaninzi banokulibala ukuba zeziphi na iimpawu zabo kwaye zahlelwa njani. Njengoko ubonile kweli nqaku, oonxantathu bahlelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kubude bamacala abo kunye nobubanzi beengile zabo.

IJometri sisifundo esifundwa kwimathematics, kodwa ayingabo bonke abantwana abonwabela esi sifundo. Ngapha koko, abanye baneengxaki ezinzima. Zibangelwa yintoni ezi zinto? Kwinqaku lethu "Ubunzima babantwana ekufundeni imathematics" siyakuchaza.