Ixesha elizayo le-Conservativism kwi-Academia

Unyaka we-2020 waba yingozi. Idatha iphakamisa ukuba inani elininzi, mhlawumbi isithathu, sabazibonakalisileyo beRiphabhlikhi kunye neeDemokhrasi eUnited States bacinga ukuba ubundlobongela buya kufaneleka ukuxhasa iinjongo zabo zopolitiko. Oku kubonisa ukwanda okukhulu ukusuka ku-2017 kuphela, apho amanani ayesondele kwi-8%. Nokuba ikwi-Covid-19, ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, ubudlelwane bobuhlanga, okanye ezinye izihloko ezininzi, amaMelika ayaqhubeka ukwahlukana kwaye anomsindo komnye nomnye kunanini na kwimemori.

Indlela esifike ngayo apha inzima, njengoko iya kuba yindlela esibuya ngayo kule nto. Ndicinga ukuba iqela leRiphabhlikhi lijongene nesityholo esikhulu, nokuba sinxulumene neendlela ezingcolileyo, ubunyanzelo, ubuzwilakhe, kunye nokuloba ngobuhlanga; ngamagama abantwana abasaqalayo kuyo yonke indawo, "Bayiqalile!" Nangona kunjalo, njengomntu ongasekhohlo, ndiye ndothuka xa ndibona iindawo ezibalulekileyo zasekhohlo zikwamkela “ukurhoxisa inkcubeko,” ubuzwilakhe, ubuhlanga, ukulwa inzululwazi nobundlobongela.

Uninzi oluchanekileyo lusola inkcubeko yezemfundo ngokukhuthaza i-ideology ekhohlo ekhuthaze okunye kolu radicalization ngasekhohlo. Okona kugqithisileyo, oku kukhokelele abanye ekunene ukubiza "kwiikholeji zokuphanda imali." Ingakanani ingxaki ekuthandeni iingcinga kwizifundo, kwaye ngaba ithuku lokuzibamba libuyela umva kwaye libuyise imfundo yezemfundo isisombululo esifanelekileyo ukuba kukho ingxaki?

Iphiko lasekunene lokulungiselela malunga nokukhetha izifundo akunto intsha. Emva kokusebenza kwisikolo sikarhulumente eTexas iminyaka emininzi ngaphambi kokuza kwiziko lam langoku, bekuhlala kukho intiyo phakathi kwabaseRiphabhlikhi kurhulumente welizwe nakumaziko emfundo. Ngelo xesha, oko kwakubonakala kusisiyatha. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uninzi lwezifundo zazinenkululeko, kodwa bambalwa ababenomdla wokukhupha inguquko.

Ngokwandayo, nangona kunjalo, ndiqala ukucinga ukuba abagcini bolondolozo lwimi banendawo kwaye izifundiswa, xa zizonke, zilahlekile. Oku akuthethi ukuba yonke into okanye uninzi lwabafundi bayatyhala kwi-ajenda yasekhohlo, kodwa umbono wam kukuba ubugqwetha bobuchwephesha bukhona kwaye buye baba nefuthe kwizifundo. Ngamanye amagama, amazwi ezandi ezibaxiweyo abe namandla kakhulu kwinqaba yendlovu.

Uninzi lwabaphengululi bayavuma ukuba oonjingalwazi bafudukele ngasekhohlo ukusukela ngee-1990s, benamanani ambalwa eemodareyitha kunye nabalondolozayo, nangona uninzi lwabantu base-US bengakhange bafudukele ngasekhohlo ngaxeshanye. Kukho ukungavumelani okubonakalayo malunga nokuba oku kuthetha ntoni kunye nefuthe lazo kubafundi. Ndiyavuma ukuba ezinye zale meko kukhetho lokuzikhethela, kwaye abagcini bolondolozo ngaphambili bafumene uburharha malunga nokubaluleka kolunye ulwazi.

Nangona kunjalo, ezinye idatha zamva nje zibonisa ukuba izinto zinokufikelela kwinqanaba lokuqalisa kwaye ziqala ukudala iingxaki zokwenyani. ISiseko saMalungelo aBodwa kuLwazi (UMLILO) sikhuphe ingxelo kunyaka ophelileyo efumanisa ukuba uloyiko lokuthetha ngokuphandle ekhampasi luxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabafundi. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa phakathi kwabafundi abalondolozayo nangona imeko yempixano kwintetho inokubenzakalisa bonke abafundi. (Umzekelo, ukuzilawula ngokwakho kwakuphezulu phakathi kwabafundi abaMnyama.) Abafundi benkululeko babika ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba bamkele ubundlobongela, bekhwaza izithethi okanye ezinye iindlela zobuchule ngaphandle kwabafundi abalondolozayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ingxelo yoMlilo ayibeki tyala ezinyaweni zabaprofesa, kwaye indawo yezopolitiko yendawo yokudibanisa ingumxube onzima woonjingalwazi, abasebenzi babafundi, abalawuli, kunye nabafundi ngokwabo. Ezinye iiyunivesithi, kubandakanya neyam, zamkele iingxelo zenkxaso yenkululeko yokuthetha kwaye ziyamangalisa. Kodwa ndinexhala lokuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle kwiikholeji ezininzi zekholeji.

Ewe kunjalo, iimbono phakathi kwabafundi ngokwazo ziyahluka. Ndikrokrela ukuba imiba eliqela iya kuba nefuthe kwezi zimvo. Okokuqala, njengoko ingxelo yomlilo ithi, ayizizo zonke iikhampasi ezifanayo kwaye ezinye zikhusela intetho ngcono kunezinye. Okwesibini, umbono kunye nokujonga umhlaba kunokwenzeka ukuba kube yinto; ukuba kukho, ngokwenene, i-hegemony eqhubekayo evela kwiikholeji zeekholeji, abaphengululi abanenkqubela phambili banokuthi bakujonge oku njengengxaki encinci kuneemodareyitha okanye i-conservatives. Icala lam lokukhetha icala, ukuthanda ukujongwa kwehlabathi kufana nokwakho, kukuthambekela kwendalo komntu kwaye kunokubangela ukuba abaphengululi abaqhubela phambili bacele umngeni kukwanda kolawulo lwehlabathi labo kwizifundo.

Oko sele kuthethiwe, ndinexhala lezinto ezininzi ezinxulumene noko. Okokuqala, ukwanda kongqinisiso lwengcamango yasekhohlo kwiikhampasi kunokudala oko uVox's Matthew Yglesias akubiza ngokuba zi "tentacles of conformity" kwiikhampasi, njengoko abantu befuna ukungavuseleli amaza ukuze bangaphazamisi imisebenzi yabo. Okwesibini, njengayo nayiphi na imibono yezentlalo nezopolitiko, le nkcubeko ivelayo inokuba yinto echasene nesayensi, ngokuchaseneyo ekubonakaleni nje kwezimvo, kodwa idatha engangqubana nembono yayo. Okwesithathu, abafundi banokujonga ngakumbi iinkokheli zabo zamaziko kunye nolawulo ngokungathandi ukubaxhasa xa bephikisana nentetho yasimahla, kwaye oku kunokuba yinyani xa imingeni ivela ngasekhohlo kunasekunene. Oku kuyinyani, kuya kupholisa iingcamango zeengcamango zasekhohlo, ukuba ezo zicalulo ziya kujongwa njengokuzibulala ngobungcali. Okwesine, abafundi banokungakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwe-ajenda yezopolitiko nezobunyani kunye neyona nyani ngembali, isayensi, kunye nendalo yoluntu. Ndixhalabile ngakumbi malunga nembali yokuphononongwa kwemfashini kodwa yomdwebo endibhekisa kuwo njengeReversed American Exceptionalism, ebonisa ukungakhathali nokungaphumeleli kweMelika kwimpumelelo yaseMelika, isithethe esibuyele umva ubuncinci kwi-Howard Zinn's quasi-Marxist retelling of the American history.

Ukuba kuninzi ukugxeka kwi-lurch yasekhohlo ye-academy yase-U.S. Ukubeka ngokulula, ukuba siyavuma ukuba icala elisekhohlo kwizifundiswa ngoku yingxaki echaphazela ilizwe lokwenyani njengokulahleka kwemfezeko yobuntatheli, abagcini bolondolozo banesabelo sabo esilungileyo sokwamkela iqhinga "lemali yokufunda" elinokuphikisa kwaye kuphela yandisa umsantsa weengcinga.

Endaweni yoko, abantu abalondolozayo banokuzibandakanya kwizifundiswa, kwaye bahambele ekwandiseni ukwahluka kweembono, ngelixa behlala beyinyani kumaxabiso abalulekileyo anjengokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo. Ukwenza njalo, kufuneka bajonge ukuxhasa ngemali kunye nokuzibandakanya nezemfundo, kodwa ngeendlela ezikhuthaza iimbono ezilondolozayo, ngaphandle kokunyanzela amalungelo okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo okuqhubela phambili.

Ukwenza oko, abagcini bolondolozo kuya kufuneka basebenze ukucoca indlu yabo kancinci. Abalondolozi bakwimeko eyodwa yokubamba ingubo yokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, kodwa ukuze benze njalo, kufuneka bahambelane nembali yabo yokunyanzelwa kunye nokuhlukunyezwa kwentetho (okanye "ukurhoxisa inkcubeko") abangayithandiyo. Kwangokunjalo, nangona kungekho qela kufuneka lichazwe zizinto zalo ezigqithileyo, abo bagcinayo kufuneka benze imigca ecacileyo ekugxekeni ubuhlanga, isini, inzululwazi ngokuchasene nesayensi kunye neembono ezichasene nedemokhrasi, njengoko inkqubela phambili kufuneka ikulungele ukwenza okufanayo. I-Conservatives kufuneka iqinisekise ngokucacileyo ukuba inkqubela phambili (okanye nabani na) banelungelo lokuveza izimvo zabo eziphambuka kumaxabiso alondoloziweyo nokuba kuqoqosho, ezopolitiko, ubuhlanga, isini, ukukhupha isisu, njl. Njl. intetho (ubuNazi, ukukhusela i-pedophilia, iSexual Harassment, njl. njl. I-Conservatives ikwanokuninzi yokongeza malunga nemicimbi yenkqubo ekhampasini, kodwa kufuneka ikulumkele kwaye igwebe ubungqongqo phakathi kwabo.

I-Conservatives inokusebenza ukuxhasa ngemali, endaweni yokubuyisa imali, ukucinga ngokulondolozwa kwikhampasi. Oku kunokuza ngendlela yokusebenza namaqela abafundi abalondolozayo ukuze baxhase izithethi, banike iinjingalwazi, banike izibonelelo zophando kwizinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka, amaziko enkxaso mali kwiikhampasi, njl njl. Ukunyanzelwa). Kodwa ukuba abo bafuna ukulondolozwa bafuna ukubona ukucinga ngakumbi kwiikhampasi, bonelela ngenkuthazo yemali kubafundi abalondolozayo ukuze bafumane isikolo esiphumeleleyo kunye nemisebenzi yokufunda inomdla. Oku kunokunceda kuzo zombini iziko lokukhetha kunye nokutshintsha iimitha zokuzikhethela.

Kwinqanaba lomntu ngamnye, abanomdla kwimixholo yezifundo kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba kwaye babandakanyeke kwizifundo. Ewe kunokuba nzima ukuhamba, ngakumbi kwabo bokuqala benesibindi eludongeni. Kwaye oko kunokuba yinyani kwizifundo apho zifuneka kakhulu njengembali, isayensi yezentlalo kunye noluntu. Andinakuthembisa ukuba akukho zinkcubeko kwaye mhlawumbi izithintelo zeziko ezithatha inxaxheba kwezi nkalo. Kodwa ndiyazibuza, ukuba ngaba ngenxa nje yokuba "baphumile" bahlukile kunesiqhelo, abo bagcinayo banokuba nethuba lokufuna ukwazi ngaphezulu kweemodareyitha ezinokuziva zinoxinzelelo ngakumbi lokuba zihambelane.Njengabafundi abasele befundile, abo bangengabo abagcini (kwaye ndiliziko lase-Obama lasekhohlo-libertarian libertarian kunye nazo zonke izinto eziphikisanayo ezibandakanya) banokujonga abafundi abalondolozayo kunye necandelo lezobugcisa kwaye babanike inkxaso yethu ukuze ndiziva ndililolo.

I-Academia imalunga neyona ndawo imbi kakhulu yokucinga ngamaqela. Ndiyakuthanda ukusebenza kwizifundiswa kwaye ndiyabaxabisa abo ndisebenza nabo. Kodwa ndiyavuma ukuba izifundiswa ziye zalungelelana kwaye iingcinga ezithandekayo zezifundo ziqala ukuhla ziye kwilizwe lokwenyani ngeendlela ezingancediyo kwaye ezinokulonakalisa ilizwe lethu kunye nenkcubeko. Uphando lwakutsha nje loluntu ngokubanzi lubonakalise idatha kukoyikwa kwabafundi bokuthetha. Ukuziva ukhululekile ukuthetha ngoku kuye kwaba lilungelo "elinamandla lokukhululeka". Ayisiyonto intle, njengoko ingxoxo engqwabalala kodwa yoluntu kubalulekile ukuba iqhubele phambili kwaye ukuthintelwa kweembono kuya kubangela ingqumbo. Abanye basenokuthi ukukhathazeka ngokukhubekisa abanye kuyinto entle, kwaye kwinqanaba. Ngokwendalo, eyona ntetho intle yeyaseburhulumenteni kwaye ihloniphekile, nokuba icela umngeni. Nangona kunjalo ndibona ngokwaneleyo ukuba nomsindo, ukungacingi, nentetho enenzondo evela kuzo zombini izinto ezigqithileyo zasekhohlo kunye nezinto ezibi kakhulu ngasekunene andicingi ukuba sisiphumo esisiphumeleleyo. Sonke siye saba ngabathinjwa kwezona zinto zinamandla kwilungelo lethu lezopolitiko nakwesobunxele. Ekuphela kwendlela eya phambili yeyabantu abalondolozayo, abaphakathi, kunye neenkululeko ezisembindini ukuba basebenze kunye kwaye bahlaziye iindlela zokuziphatha zoluntu lwethu.

Eyona mveliso iphambili ye-Academia iyacingelwa, kwaye ingcinga ecacileyo iyaphumelela kwimeko yengxoxo engqongqo, ukukhohlisa kweembono, ubukhulu becala lwedatha ngaphezulu kobutshantliziyo, kunye nokuzikhusela ngokungqongqo kwentetho yasimahla kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo. Amaziko emfundo aseMelika abe lelinye lamatye abengezelayo kwilizwe lethu. Siphambukile emendweni, kodwa abagcinayo abazinikele kwinkululeko yemveli (hayi inkululeko okanye inkqubela phambili) amaxabiso anokusinceda sifumane indlela yokubuyela. Mna, ndedwa, ndolula isandla sam kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba ezinye iindlela zokuzigcina ziya kuyithatha.