Into yokugqibela ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokupheliswa kwe-Ego
Umxholo
Ukhe weva malunga nengqondo yengqondo yokuphela kwe-ego. Emva kokwenza ukuzeyisa wenze into ibenye, ithiyori, emva koko awunako ukusebenzisa ukuzilawula kwezinye izinto, nakwindawo eyahlukileyo yobomi bakho. Ukuba ubusebenza imini yonke ukunqanda ukutya iitshokholethi ngenxa yokuba usekutyeni, usengozini yokuphelelwa kukuzibamba ngobo busuku.
Le ngcamango evuselelayo kwaye yahamba ngokukhawuleza kuba inembile. Ngubani ongazange abe namava okufuna ukubetha esofeni emva kosuku olunzima endaweni yokuya ejimini okanye ebaleka? Kodwa nantsi ingxaki: izazinzulu azikwazanga ukufumana inkxaso engaguquguqukiyo kuyo kwidatha. Ngaphandle kwendlela esivakalelwa ngayo ngamanye amaxesha, isifundo esinyanzelayo esitsha sibonisa ukuba inkuthazo ayipheli njengophethiloli etankini.
Inkuthazo ayibobutyebi obulinganiselweyo. Uphando ngokupheliswa kwe-ego lubonisa ukuba inkuthazo inokuba, endaweni yoko, iphantse ibe yinto ephantsi ngokupheleleyo.
Ukunyuka kunye nokuwa kokuphela kwe-ego kukwabonisa intlekele enkulu yesayikholoji yanamhlanje. Sithande kakhulu ukuleqa izinto ezi-quirky ezichaziweyo zokuziphatha kwabantu kangangokuba silibale ngemibuzo ebalulekileyo.Xa kusekuninzi ukufunyanwa ngesihloko esifana nenkuthazo, senza into engeyiyo kwisayensi xa silandela indlela emxinwa ebekwe ngabanye endaweni yokuya kwicala elitsha kwindawo enkulu engachazwanga.
Kukhe kwabhalwa kancinci okoko kwapapashwa iphepha eliqhelekileyo, "Ukuphela kwe-Ego: Ngaba isiqu esisebenzayo sisisixhobo esilinganiselweyo? ”NguRoy Baumeister kunye noogxa bakhe ngo-1998. I-tally ngo-2015 ichongiwe kwindawo ethile ejikeleze amalinge angama-300 e-ego yokuphelisa amaphepha angaphezu kwe-140 epapashiweyo. Iingcali zengqondo zithontelene kolu luvo kwaye zatyala ixesha elininzi lokuvavanya.
Wonke lo msebenzi uqhubekile nangona bekukho amathandabuzo malunga nesiphumo sokuphela kwe-ego. Enye yeenkumbulo zam zokuqala zenkomfa yayithetha nabanye abaphandi abazilawulayo malunga nendlela sonke esizame ngayo ukuphindaphinda ukupheliswa kwe-ego kwiilebhu zethu kwaye akukho namnye kuthi onako. Ukusilela kokuqala ukupapashwa kwesiphumo kwaphuma ngo-2004. Amathandabuzo ahlala kwikona encinci yoluntu, kodwa abantu abangaphandle kwesangqa babengenasizathu sakubuza ukupheliswa kwe-ego.
Umbono watshintsha ngesiquphe ngo-2010. Kwakuloo nyaka, uMartin Hagger kunye noogxa bakhe bapapasha uhlalutyo lweemeta olwafumana inkxaso yokupheliswa kwe-ego kodwa baphinda baqaphela ukuba abantu abanesizathu esikhulu sokwenza umsebenzi babephelelwe ngamandla. Eso siphumo siphakamise amashiya athile. Ukuba ukuzilawula kuthintelwe sisixhobo esithile esinzima, ukuba ufuna ukuyisebenzisa kangakanani ayenzi mahluko. Ngexesha elifanayo, uRobert Kurzban wapapasha i-critique yebango lokuba iswekile yile "sisixhobo esinzima," ephikisa ngokucacileyo okucacileyo ukuba akunakwenzeka nokuba nokuzibamba okugqithisileyo kuphelise ngokufanelekileyo isibonelelo se-metabolic.
Kodwa esona siqhushumbisi sikhulu yayiliphepha likaVeronika kulo nyaka, “Ukuphela kwe-Ego-Ingaba konke kusentloko yakho? ”Nabanye ababhali-mbali uCarol Dweck kunye noGreg Walton, uJob unike ubungqina obuhle kwizifundo ezine zokuba ukupheliswa kwe-ego kwenzeka kuphela kubantu abakholelwa kuko. Ngaba amandla okusebenza aphela ngokusetyenziswa? Ke ngokuqinisekileyo yanele. Cinga ukunyamezela kunika amandla? Ke akukho kudinwa kuwe. Idatha kaYobhi ibonisa umxholo wemida kumandla njengesi siprofeto esizimeleyo, okanye ngenene isiprofeto sokuzibetha kwabo bakholelwa ekuphelelweni. Amandla okugqibela enkolelo yomntu ngaphezulu kokuzimisela kwawo ajongela phantsi ingcinga yokuba amandla aya kuthoba ubuncwane obunqabileyo.
Ngesizathu esithile, izazinzulu ebefanele ukuba okanye ubuncinci bezinokwazi ngcono ziyaqhubeka nokufunda ukupheliswa kwe-ego kwiminyaka elishumi elandela loo nyaka wokuchithwa kwamanzi. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa okuvunyiweyo kweenkqubo zophando ezithandabuzekayo kwizifundo zantlandlolo kunye nokuzinza kokufunyenwe ngokwazo kwakungonelanga, ubungqina bendima yeenkolelo, inkuthazo, inkuthazo, kunye nezinye izinto zengqondo kufanele ukuba ziqinisekise abantu ukuba isiseko Izixhobo ezinqongopheleyo kufuneka zaliwe.
Kwityala labo elikhulu, abanye babaxhasi bakaBaumeister, uKathleen Vohs noBrandon Schmeichel, nabanye kubonakala ngathi bayigqibile le mpikiswano. Bafezekise oku ngokuqhuba olona phando lucokisekileyo nolukholisayo endakha ndalubona. Olu phononongo, luya kupapashwa kungekudala Inzululwazi yezeengqondo , inokuba luhlobo lwegama lokugqibela ekuphelisweni. Bathethile kuluhlu olubanzi lweengcali ebaleni kwaye bachonga iinkqubo ezimbini wonke umntu acinga ukuba kufuneka zenze ukupheliswa kwe-ego. Bacwangcise kwangaphambili ukuba zizakuba njani na iinkqubo zabo kwaye bazakuyihlalutya njani idatha yabo, kwaye isicwangciso sonke savunywa ziingcali zangaphandle. Bafumana iilebhu ezingama-36 ezivela kwihlabathi liphela kwaye babaqeqesha ngononophelo kwiinkqubo. Kwaye emva koko babenososayensi ozimeleyo ohlalutya idatha.
Emva kwayo yonke loo nto? Akukho nto. Ukuzibandakanya ekuzilawuleni akubanga nasiphumo sisebenzayo kwintsebenzo yesibini yokuzibamba. Ngoku nabantu abaye banceda ukukhuthaza umbono wokuqala bakulungele ukuyeka. Kodwa isithuba esishiyekileyo kuncwadi apho ukupheliswa kwe-ego kwakusishiya sikwimeko enzima. Sinokuyisikena njani intuition enokubangela ukuba sidinwe emva kokuzama umgudu kunye nokusilela okuqinisekileyo kokufaka la mava elebhu?
Ukukhathala kuyinyani. Umzamo luvakalelo lokwenyani, olunokubangela ukuba abantu banikezele (ngamanye amaxesha ngesizathu esivakalayo!). Yintoni engalunganga luluvo lokuba umsebenzi okruqulayo waselebhu unokuwunciphisa amandla omntu okuqhubeka nokuzama umzamo kamva. Ukukhuthaza akufani nepetroli etankini. Kufana nebali esizixelela lona malunga nokuba kutheni senza le nto siyenzayo. Guqula ibali kwaye unokutshintsha indlela oziphethe ngayo.
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