Isithembiso kunye nemingxunya yokujongana neBrain-Computer

Umxholo

• Amanqaku aphambili
• Ukuwela uMqobo kwiBrains ukuya kwiiNethwekhi zeDijithali
• Iinkawu ezidlala imidlalo yevidiyo ngengqondo yazo?
• Ungenelelo lonyango
• Ulawulo lwengqondo kunye nezopolitiko

Amanqaku aphambili

• Ngokwandayo, itekhnoloji entsha ibonisa ukuba ulwazi lombane kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo lunokunxibelelana nezixhobo zedijithali.
• Komnye umboniso, uNeuralink wasebenzisa izixhobo ezifakelweyo ukwenza inkawu idlale umdlalo wevidiyo ngokulawula ikhompyuter ngengqondo yayo.
• Inyani yokuba ukusebenza kwengqondo kungumbane kuvumele ungenelelo oluninzi lwezonyango, okonyusa amandla okombane.
• Iindlela eziguqula umsebenzi wobuchopho zisebenzisa izixhobo zombane zikwaphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nokuxhatshazwa kwabo.

Ukwahlula phakathi kwengqondo yethu kunye nehlabathi langaphandle kwakukhe kwacingelwa ukuba akunakubhangiswa. Ukanti inkqubela kumalungu afakelwayo ibonakalisile ukuba ezi zinokulawulwa ngokuthe ngqo yingqondo. Ezinye izixhobo zibonise ukuba amandla ombane avela ngaphandle anokutshintsha ukusebenza kwengqondo.

Ukuwela uMqobo kwiBrains ukuya kwiiNethwekhi zeDijithali

Umxholo wonke wabucala unokuqhubeka ngokudlula njengoko ezona ngcinga zethu ziphambili zibe yincwadi evulekileyo enenkqubela phambili kulwazi lobuchwephesha bokusebenza kwengqondo. Kakade, kukho inkqubela phambili kwezonyango apho i-neuron yengqondo ivuselelwa ngaphandle zii-electrode.

Amalungu afakelwayo akrelekrele avumela abasebenzisi ukuba balawule iintshukumo ngokucinga nje ngokuhamba, ngokungathi ngamalungu omzimba (1). Ezi zixhobo zingqina ukuba ulwazi lombane kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo lunokunxibelelana nezixhobo ezisebenza ngokwamanani.

Umboniso wokuba inkawu inokudlala imidlalo yevidiyo isebenzisa ulawulo lwengqondo inika ubungqina obongezelelweyo obothusayo bokuba lo mgca wophando ukufutshane nokuba nezicelo ezininzi ezisebenzayo.

Iinkawu ezidlala imidlalo yevidiyo ngengqondo yazo?

Kolu mboniso umangalisayo yinkampani ejongene nengqondo ye-Neuralink, inkawu yaqeqeshwa ukuhambisa isikhombisi isebenzisa i-joystick yesandla. Ngelixa oku kwakusenzeka, izixhobo ezibini ezifakwe kwingqondo yazo zazithumela ulwazi kwikhompyuter. Ikhompyuter isebenzise ubukrelekrele bokuqikelela ukuqikelela ukuhamba kwengalo yenkawu.

Ekugqibeleni, i-joystick yakhutshwa ukuze ulwazi ekuphela kwalo olulawula isikhombisi luvele kwikhompyuter eyayifunde ukuqikelela ukuhamba kwenkawu ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokuchaneka ngokusekwe kwimisebenzi yobuchopho bayo.

Isiphumo yayikukuba inkawu, eyaziwa ngokuba yiPager, yadlala iPong - umdlalo apho umdlali wayibamba khona ibhola - ngengqondo yakhe. Lo mboniso wolawulo lwengqondo uthetha ngokubanzi ngokuqhubeka kwengqondo phakathi kwabantu nezinye izilwanyana (2). Ngokukodwa, sijonga umboniso ocacileyo wobomi bengqondo yenkawu engaphakathi kunye nendima yeenjongo zokuyalela ukuhamba.

Nangona inkawu yomelezwa ukuba ithathe inxaxheba, ngokucacileyo yayonwabile ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo kwaye yabonisa ukuthanda iPong kweminye imidlalo. Ngelixa iiprojekthi ezinjalo zinika umbono wokuqonda kwezilwanyana, eyona njongo iphambili kukujonga usetyenziso apho abantu abakhubazekileyo emzimbeni banokulawula oomatshini, kubandakanya izixhobo zonxibelelwano ezinje ngeeselfowuni.

Ungenelelo lonyango

Inyani yokuba ukusebenza kwengqondo kungumbane ivumele ungenelelo oluninzi olwaziwayo lonyango.

Olunye inkqubela phambili kwezonyango lubandakanya ii-neurons zengqondo ezikhuthazwa ngaphandle zii-electrode.

Ukukhuthazwa kwemithambo-luvo kusetyenziselwa ukuphatha iintlungu kunye nolawulo lokuhamba. I-Spinal electrode zivuselela imithambo-luvo ukuvelisa ukuhamba kwemilenze kwizigulana ezinokulimala komqolo.

Ukukhutshelwa kwemagneti yeTranscranial isebenzisa imihlaba yemagnethi ukutshintsha umsebenzi wombane ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo kunye ne-schizophrenia.

Ngelixa umboniso weNeuralink unezinto ezininzi ezinomdla ezichaphazela imiba ephambili kwisayikholoji enento yokwenza nengxaki yomzimba wengqondo kunye nokuqhubekeka kwamava engqondo phakathi kwezidalwa ezanyisayo kunye nezilwanyana ezinomqolo, injongo ikakhulu yonyango. INeuralink inethemba lokubonisa iindlela ezintsha zokujongana nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okunxulunyaniswa neempawu zengqondo.

Ukuba oku kunokwenzeka, kuphakamisa ukubonwa kwezi ndlela zokuxhatshazwa ngoorhulumente bezopolitiko.

Ulawulo lwengqondo kunye nezopolitiko

Olo loyiko sele luphuhliswe kakuhle ngokunxulumene nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi zengqondo kunye nonyango lwe-electroconvulsive - imixholo ephuhliswe kwinoveli Omnye ubhabha ngaphaya kweNdlwane yeCuckoo kwaye ungene kubudala bedijithali kwi Isibuko esimnyama uthotho.

Khawufane ucinge ukuba bekuya kuba njani kwii-Uighurs zeXinjiang ukuba endaweni yokuphumeza ubuchule bokulawula ingqondo obugqityiweyo kumabanjwa aseMelika athathwe ngexesha leMfazwe yaseKorea, iQela lamaKomanisi laseTshayina belinokujongana nobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha ngale njongo. Oku kunokubenza bakwazi ukukrwela ngokufanelekileyo ubudlelwane bobuhlanga obuvela kwi-Uighurs nakwamanye amaqela ezizwe angahambelaniyo nembono yabo yobuzwilakhe. (Inkqubo yeentengo zemboleko zaseTshayina sele ibhlokile abo bafumana amanqaku asezantsi ekusebenziseni uhambo lukawonkewonke kunye nokuthatha iinqwelomoya.)

Eli bali le-Orwellian loyikisayo alikadlala. Okwangoku, umdla wezorhwebo kwiindawo zonxibelelwano ujolise ikakhulu kwizicelo eziluncedo ezinento yokwenza nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi babantu abakhubazekileyo.

Ewe kunjalo, umboniso weNeuralink ayisiyiyo projekthi yesayensi kwimeko yokufunda kodwa ngaphezulu kokunyuswa kwezorhwebo okusweleyo kuvavanyo kunye nolawulo lwenzululwazi oqhelekileyo. Sinelungelo lokungathembeki de iziphumo zihlolwe luluntu lwenzululwazi.

Nangona kunjalo, amathuba okuba inkawu ingadlala imidlalo yevidiyo ngengqondo yayo iyamangalisa. Yintoni enokuthi ifezekiswe ngabantu besebenzisa itekhnoloji efanayo?