Inzululwazi yeMemori

Imemori yinkqubo apho ulwazi kunye nedatha zifakwe kwikhowudi, zigcinwa kwaye zifunyanwa kwakhona. "Ndikhe ndatya ntoni ekuseni?" "Ndizishiye phi izitshixo zemoto yam?" "Ngubani ongcwatyelwe kwingcwaba likaGrant?" "Ngubani igama lakho kwakhona?"

Sihlala sicinga ngememori njengendlela yokukhumbula imicimbi edlulileyo. Kodwa imemori ayisiyiyo nje eyadlulayo.

Sikwamele silibale ngekamva. Ngelishwa, uninzi lwethu aluyi kukhumbula into eyenzekileyo kwikamva (njengoMichael J. Fox in Back to the future). Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lobomi bethu lubandakanya ukucwangcisa kunye nokulungiselela imisebenzi kunye nokubeka iinjongo zekamva. Xa useta injongo yokwenza umsebenzi okanye ukuya kwenye indawo okanye ukufezekisa into kwixa elizayo, uthembele kwimemori yakho ekulindeleyo ukukunceda ungalibali.

Ngeendlela ezininzi inkumbulo yethu ebalulekileyo ibalulekile njengememori yethu yokubuyela emva. "Ndifuna ukuncamathisela olu xwebhu kwi-imeyile yam." "Kufuneka ndithathe ubisi xa ndibuya emsebenzini." "Kufuneka ndibe kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya emini." "Andinakulibala malunga nokuqeshwa kwam iinwele ngomso." "Ndiceba ukubaleka xa ndibuya emsebenzini." "Ndifuna ukongeza iyoga kwinkqubo yam yasekuseni ngaphambi kokuba ndiye emsebenzini." Ndifuna ukuba ngusozigidi. ” Zonke iinjongo zakho zekhonkrithi, izicwangciso, ithemba kunye neminqweno zixhomekeke kwimemori esebenzayo kakhulu.

Ke sikhumbula njani ukukhumbula? UGqirha Gene Brewer ngumphandi wenkumbulo kwiSebe lezeNzululwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseArizona State. Ujolise kulo mbuzo nakwicala lememori iminyaka emininzi kwaye uza nezithiyori ezinomdla kunye nokufumanisa.

Ngokubanzi, izifundo ezinokubakho kwimemori zilinganisa amaxesha okusabela kunye nokuchaneka kokugqiba imisebenzi ethile elula. Ekuqaleni kwesifundo, abathathi-nxaxheba baxelelwa ukuba umcimbi okhethekileyo unokwenzeka ngexesha lomsebenzi kwaye kufuneka baphendule ngokufanelekileyo. Isiganeko esikhethekileyo sisikhumbuzo esifanelekileyo.

NgokukaGqirha Brewer,

• Imemori ye-Episodic yingqokelela yamava obuqu abakho ngexesha nakwindawo ethile. Imemori ye-Episodic yinto ebalulekileyo ekuvuseleleni iimeko ezinokubakho zexesha elizayo ukomeleza imemori enokubakho. Iziganeko ezizenzekelayo kubandakanya ixesha, indawo kunye neemvakalelo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisakhono sakho sokucwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokufezekisa iinjongo kwixa elizayo. Kulula ukuqonda indlela imeko yakho yeemvakalelo kunye nemibono esele ifunyenwe inokuthi iphazamise iinkumbulo zeziganeko zangaphambili. Ewe kuyinyani ukuba iimvakalelo zinokuphazamisa kakhulu okanye zonyuse amandla akho okukhumbula izicwangciso zexesha elizayo.
• Njengakwimemori yokubuyela emva, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenkumbulo ezikhoyo. Imemori elindelekileyo yahlulwe ngexesha, isiganeko- kunye neenkumbulo ezisekwe kwimisebenzi. Ngelixa abanye becebise ukuba lo mahluko umele imodeli ezizodwa zememori, uBrewer ubonelele ubungqina bokuba la macandelo asekwe kwimikhombandlela nganye esetyenziselwa ukukhumbuza. Umzekelo, iinkumbulo ezinokubakho ezisekwe exesheni zibangelwa kukufumana ixesha, njengokuma kwivenkile yokutya (isenzo) ngentsimbi yesi-4 (ixesha). Iinkumbulo ezisekwe kumsitho ziinjongo ezibangelwa yimikhombandlela enjengokukhumbula ukuma kwivenkile yokutya (isenzo) emva kokubona umtya (umsitho) ubotshelelwe esihlahleni sam. Iinkumbulo ezisekwe kwimisebenzi ziinjongo ezibangelwa yimikhombandlela njengokukhumbula ukuyeka (isenzo) kwivenkile yokutya ngexesha lokuqhuba (umsebenzi) ekhaya usuka emsebenzini. Ngaba uyayisebenzisa iposa amanqaku, uluhlu, imitya ebotshelelwe emnweni wakho, okanye iitshefu ezinamaqhina ukukukhumbuza ukwenza into okanye ukuya kwenye indawo kwixa elizayo?
• Kubonakala ngathi indibaniselwano yeempawu zomxholo zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ekuxhaseni nasekuphuculeni inkumbulo enokubakho. Xa iinjongo zakho zininzi; Iqulathe imikhombandlela enxulumene nexesha, imikhombandlela ezayo yokuqonda, kunye nomsitho ozimeleyo onentsingiselo okanye iindlela ezisekwe kwizenzo, ezithi zonke zisebenze zisebenzise injongo, unethuba elingcono lokuba ukwazi ukuphumeza injongo.
• Inkumbulo enokubakho ixhomekeke kakhulu kulawulo lwengqondo. Ngamanye amagama, ndiyalibazisa indlela endiziphethe ngayo kude kube lixesha elizayo, ixesha, umsebenzi okanye umxholo undazisa ukuba kufanelekile ndiyigqibile injongo yam. Yintoni ekufuneka ndiyenzile ukundinceda encode, ukugcina kunye nokukhumbula olu lwazi ngexesha nakwindawo efanelekileyo? Ukwenza iinjongo ezinempumelelo zeenkumbulo ezinokubakho kubandakanya kuphela ukubonakaliswa kweekhowudi zantlandlolo, kodwa kunye nokubonakaliswa kokulinganisa kwexesha elizayo apho icue yam iya kuqatshelwa kwaye isenzo ekujoliswe kuso siyakwenziwa. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba sifumana ulwakhiwo olufanayo lwecortical kunye necortical subcortical neural xa sikhumbula okudlulileyo njengoko sisenza xa sicinga ngekamva. Amandla ethu okujonga isenzo sexesha elizayo siluncedo kakhulu malunga nokufezekisa umsebenzi kunye nokuqonda injongo yokulibaziseka. Oku kuneempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kwiindlela ezifanelekileyo zokujonga kakuhle ukufezekisa iinjongo. Ixhasa indlela yokuqhutywa kwenkqubo eqhutywa yinkqubo, endaweni yefomati eqhutywa sisiphumo. Ngamanye amagama, ukucinga ngendlela endiza kujika ngayo ngasekhohlo ezimpambanweni zendlela, ndipake imoto yam, ndingene kwivenkile yokutya xa ndibuya emsebenzini kuya kundinceda ndikhumbuze ukuba ndiye evenkileni, ngaphezulu kokuzifanisa nebhotile ye ubisi ekhaya.
• Omnye ummandla wophando lwenkumbulo kaGqirha Brewer kubandakanya ukujongwa. Ubonakalisile ukuba amandla ethu okukhumbula ukuya kwiminyhadala yexesha elizayo ichaphazeleka kakhulu yindlela esihoya ngayo. Ukuqwalaselwa kudlala indima enkulu kwindlela esiziqulunqa ngayo iinjongo, indlela iinjongo ezibonwa ngayo, kunye nendlela iintshukumo ezicwangcisiweyo ekugqibeleni ezifunyanwa ngayo kwimemori. Ugqirha Brewer ukwabonakalisile ukuba nokuba usebenzisa luphi uhlobo lwe-cue usebenzisa ixesha, umsitho, okanye umsebenzi, iziphazamiso kunye nokwahlula ingqalelo kunokuphazamisa inkumbulo. Icandelo elinye lememori enokubizwa ngokuba yimemori yokusebenza (abanye bakubiza ngokuba yimemori yexesha elifutshane). Imemori yokusebenza sisakhono sokucinga esisinceda ukuba sihlale sigxile, sithintela ukuphazamiseka kunye nokugqiba imisebenzi.Imemori yokusebenza inceda ukubamba kunye nokuqhubekeka nolwazi olusele lugcinwe kwaye luyinto ebalulekileyo ekuqiqiseni, ekuqondeni nasekufundeni ulwazi olutsha. Njengakwinkumbulo enokwenzeka, ulawulo lwengqwalaselo yenye yezona zinto ziphambili kwimemori yokusebenza.
• Izifundo zibonise ukuba imemori yokusebenza kunye nokunyamekela kuphuculwe ngokuqeqeshwa kwengqondo. Ngelixa iimpembelelo ezithile zoqeqesho kwengqondo kwimemori enokubakho zingakhange ziphandwe, ukwanda kokumamela kuyasomeleza amandla ethu okuqonda, ukuqonda kunye nokufumana imemori enokubakho.

Intsingiselo ebalulekileyo yezifundo ezinokubakho kwinkumbulo kukuba zijongana namandla ethu okufezekisa injongo yexesha elizayo-ngamanye amagama, ukufezekisa injongo. Iimpawu, izikhumbuzo, okanye izixhobo ze-mnemonic ezikunceda ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ungayilibali injongo yexesha elizayo, zikwayizo ezo zinto ziya kukunceda ufezekise iinjongo zakho.

Zithini izixhobo zakho zenkumbulo? Zeziphi iindlela ozisebenzisayo ukukhumbula ukuzikhumbula?

Nceda ujonge ngakumbi malunga nophando lukaGqirha Brewer malunga neMemori ePhambili.

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