Ngaba ujongwa njani umntu omdala i-ADHD

Umxholo

• I-ADHD ibalulekile ekufundweni
• Ukungakhuli ngoku kungokusesikweni

Ukusilela ekuqwalaseleni / ukungahambi kakuhle komzimba sisifo esaziwayo esibonakaliswa bubunzima kulawulo lwempembelelo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, kunye nokunciphisa amandla okugxila ixesha elide. Ngelixa ithathwa njengomcimbi ochaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abancinci, iqela elikhulayo lophando lityhile ukuba i-ADHD ayipheli xa umntu efikelela ebudaleni. Ngoku kuqikelelwa ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka nokuba mdala ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-60 zabo bafunyaniswe benesiphene ebuntwaneni.

Ngelishwa, kuba kukholelwa ngokuxhaphakileyo ukuba i-ADHD yinto umntu akhula nje kuyo, uninzi lwabantu abadala alufuni unyango kwesi sifo.

Oonobangela be-ADHD

Izinto zemfuza zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ADHD. Ukubhala kwi Isifo seNeuropsychiatric kunye nonyango , Iqela labaphandi lafumanisa ukuba, “Ukuba umntu omnye kusapho ufumanisa ukuba une-ADHD kukho iipesenti ezingama-25 ukuya kuma-35 zokuba elinye ilungu losapho line-ADHD, xa kuthelekiswa namathuba angama-4-6 epesenti yomntu kubemi ngokubanzi. ” Bakwathi malunga nesiqingatha sabazali ababenengxaki yokufumana umntwana one-ADHD.

Ngaphandle kwemfuzo, ezinye izinto ezikhutshwe liqela zibandakanya ukubonakaliswa komntwana kumanqanaba aphezulu ekhokelo, usana olune-hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (xa iintsana zingafumani oksijini yaneleyo kwiingqondo zazo), kunye nokuvezwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka kwi-nicotine. Abantwana abonzakeleyo ngokwenzakala kwengqondo baye baboniswa babonisa iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-ADHD, nangona iZiko lezeMpilo leSizwe liphawula ukuba ayingonobangela uqhelekileyo we-ADHD.

Okokugqibela, kwaye mhlawumbi iphikisanayo, abanye bacebise ukuba ukwanda kokuchongwa kwe-ADHD kumazwe aphuhlileyo kunokunxulunyaniswa notshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kunyuko lokusetyenziswa kweswekile esulungekisiweyo. Ngelixa kucetyiswa ukuba abantwana kunye nabantu abadala bakuphephe ukutya okucutshungulwayo kunye neeswekile ezihlaziyiweyo zempilo efanelekileyo, ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukuba kukho ikhonkco eliqinisekileyo phakathi kokusebenzisa kakhulu i-sucrose kunye ne-ADHD. Izifundo ezingaphezulu ziyafuneka.

I-ADHD kunye neBrain Chemistry

Khawufane ucinge xa ​​uzama ukufunda inqaku leendaba ezinzulu ngelixa uloliwe ophithizelayo ongaphantsi komhlaba ezele yincoko, umculo, ipaneli yokubamba amaxesha ngamaxesha, kunye nezibhengezo rhoqo malunga nokuma okuzayo kunye neminye imiba ebonwa ibalulekile ngumqhubi kaloliwe. Ngoku khawufane ucinge xa ​​uzama ukufunda inqaku elifanayo kwisifundo esithuleyo kungekho nanye idin efumaneka kuloliwe. Ngokucacileyo, kunzima ngakumbi ukugxila kwimeko yangaphambili kunale yokugqibela.

Ngelishwa kwabo bane-ADHD, nokuba iiseto ezithuleyo zinokuphela ziziva ngathi kuloliwe ogcweleyo. Baziva bethontelwe zizinto zangaphandle, ngokwenza njalo kunzima ukuba bacofe ingxolo yangasemva kunye nokugxila kwimisebenzi yesinye.

Ngelixa izizathu ze-neurophysiological ze-ADHD zingaqondwa ngokupheleleyo, uninzi lwabaphandi lukholelwa ukuba kukho umahluko ophambili kwikhemistry yengqondo yabantu abane-ADHD kunye nengqondo yabantu abangenayo. Aba baphandi bathi abantu abane-ADHD banokungalingani kumanqanaba e-neurotransmitters dopamine kunye norepinephrine. Ezi neurotransmitters ziyasebenzisana ukulawula ingqalelo.

Dopamine

I-Dopamine ihlala inxulunyaniswa nolonwabo kunye nomvuzo, njengoko isebenza ngendlela ebizwa ngokuba ngumvuzo wengqondo. Abantu abane-ADHD abayenzi ngokufanelekileyo i-dopamine, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka bafune imisebenzi emininzi eyenza indlela yomvuzo. Ngokwiphepha lowe-2008 elapapashwa ngo Isifo seNeuropsychiatric kunye nonyango , "Abantu abane-ADHD bane-gene enye enesiphene, i-gene ye-DRD2 eyenza kube nzima ukuba ii-neurons ziphendule kwi-dopamine, i-neurotransmitter ebandakanyekayo kwiimvakalelo zolonwabo kunye nokulawulwa kwengqwalaselo."

Inorepinephrin

Izigulana ezine-ADHD azisebenzisi ngokufanelekileyo i-neurotransmitter kunye noxinzelelo lwehormone norepinephrine. Xa umntu eziva esemngciphekweni, kukhutshwa isikhukula se-norepinephrin ukwandisa ukonyusa kunye nokwenza ukuba sibe namandla okulwa okanye ukubhabha. Kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo kunxulunyaniswe nememori kwaye kusivumela ukuba sigcine umdla kumsebenzi owunikiweyo.

I-Dopamine kunye ne-norepinephrine zichaphazela iindawo ezine ezahlukileyo zobuchopho:

• I-cortex engaphambili, enika amandla okucwangcisa nokulungelelanisa ngelixa sigxile ekuchongeni ukukhuthazeka kwangaphakathi nangaphandle;
• Inkqubo ye-limbic, elawula iimvakalelo zethu;
• I-basal ganglia, elawula unxibelelwano phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho;
• Inkqubo yokuphinda isebenze, enokuthi ibonakaliswe njengesango lokuqonda kwethu. Yinxalenye yengqondo esivumela ukuba sigqibe ngento ekufuneka sigxile kuyo kunye nokuba yintoni ekufuneka siyenze njengengxolo emhlophe.

I-ADHD ibalulekile ekufundweni

Ukungakhuli ngoku kungokusesikweni