Yintoni eKhokelela eMntu phantsi kweNarcissism Pathway?

Umxholo

• Ukufundwa okubalulekileyo kweNarcissism
• Ukuhlengahlengiswa kolawulo: Izinto esizenzayo kuNarcissist

Xa ucinga ngendlela abantu ababa zii-narcissists, ngaba ucinga ukuba kukho into engahambanga kakuhle kuphuhliso lwabo lwakwangoko? Ngaba ubatyhola abazali ngokubandakanyeka ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nabantwana babo, okanye ngaba ucinga ukuba i-narcissism ivela ekungakhathalelweni kwasekuqaleni? Mhlawumbi uthatha i-narcissism njengesiphumo senkcubeko ezalela isizukulwana sewaka leminyaka ekubeni ngabantu abazicingela bodwa nabaselungelweni lokuba ngabantu abadala. Nangona i-narcissism ingeyonto intsha, unokukholelwa ukuba iyenyuka ngokulawula ngoo-selfies kunye namajelo eendaba ezentlalo.

Abaphandi bayilahlile intsomi yokuba i-millennials i-narcissistic ngakumbi kunaso nasiphi na isizukulwana esandulelayo (umz.Wetzel et al., 2017), kodwa intsomi ihlala isebenza kulwazi lwasesidlangalaleni. Uphando olutsha luxhasa olu hlalutyo lwentsomi ye-narcissism kwaye longeza ekuqondeni ngakumbi kweenkqubo ezinokuthi zikhokelele umntu omdala ukuba anyathele indlela ye-narcissism. ENetherlands, iYunivesithi yaseTübingen's UMichael Grosz kunye noogxa (2019) bakhokele iqela labaphandi bamazwe aphesheya kwisifundo sobude be-narcissism kwiminyaka yotshintsho phakathi kokuphela kwesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kunye neminyaka emibini emva kokuphumelela kwikholeji. Isifundo sabo siqale njengoluvavanyo lomgaqo "wokuvuthwa," umbono wokuba abantu abadala abancinci bajongane nemiceli mngeni yokutshintsha ukusuka kwiminyaka yabo yobudala yobudala (i-20s) baye kubomi obuphakathi, bazinza ngokwasemoyeni, bavumelane, babe nesazela kwaye babe ngaphezulu kwezentlalo. (ukuzimela ngakumbi nokuzithemba ekuhlaleni). Ukubeka ngokulula, njengokuba abantu bekhula "bayahlala" kwaye bazinze, ukuba mhlawumbi abanamdla ungako. Ngenxa yokuba umgaqo wokuvuthwa uqikelela ukuba abantu bagcina uzinzo lwabo olunxulumene noko, kukho ukucinga ukuba wonke umntu utshintsha ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwinqanaba elifanayo.

Oko kwathethi, ayinguye wonke umntu oguqukayo kwifashoni efanayo, kwaye ngenxa yokuba amava obomi babantu aya esiba mandla ngakumbi njengoko bekhula, maninzi amathuba okuba abantu baqale ukuphuma kwelinye isebe kwaye bahluke ngakumbi nangakumbi koontanga babo. Cinga ngobomi bakho kunye nomhlobo wakho osenyongweni ukusuka kumabanga aphantsi. Mhlawumbi benifana kakhulu omnye nomnye xa wawusemncinci, kwaye yile nto yakhokelela ekubeni nithandane. Nangona kunjalo, wenze ukhetho olunye lobomi, njengokufudukela kwesinye isixeko okanye kwelinye ilizwe, kwaye umhlobo wakho wasala apho. Nina nobabini ngoku niza kuchatshazelwa zizinto ezithile kwiindawo zenu ezintsha, ukusuka kwezopolitiko ukuya kwimarike yokuthenga yasekuhlaleni.

Zizifundo ezide kuphela ezinokufumana uhlobo lotshintsho olwenzeka ngaphakathi kwabantu ixesha, ngakumbi ukuba ezo zifundo zibandakanya ulwazi olongezelelekileyo olufanelekileyo kumava obomi. Izifundo ezilungileyo, ukongeza, jonga ngaphezulu kweqela elinye labantu njengoko bekhula ngokuhamba kwexesha.Ukubuyela kule mbono yemillennials kunye nobuntu babo, usenokubuza ukuba ingaba abantu abakhule benempembelelo ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 babonisa iipateni ezahlukeneyo zotshintsho kunabo babeyinxalenye yesizukulwana sangaphambili. I-Grosz kunye nabasebenzisanayo babenakho ukusebenzisa olu hlobo loyilo olude lokuhambahamba apho bafunda khona kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo emva kweminyaka yekholeji yenguqu kwiindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, iqela lophando lwamanye amazwe landise ukufundisisa kwabo ubuntu kwiimpawu esele ziphandwe ngokweModeli yeZinto eziHlanu (echazwe nguRoberts et al., 2008) ngokukodwa ukubandakanya i-narcissism kunye nomgangatho wayo onxulumene neMachiavellianism, utyekelo lokuxhaphaza abanye. Uhlalutyo lwabo alujolisanga kuphela kwiipateni zotshintsho, kodwa nakwiziganeko zobomi eziya kuthi zibumbe ezo patheni zotshintsho.

Inkcazo ye-narcissism ekhokele uGratz et al. Uphononongo lujolise kumgangatho "wokunconywa yi-narcissistic," apho abantu "bebeka phambili iinjongo ze-arhente (iwonga, ubukhethekileyo, ubuchule, kunye nokugqwesa) ngaphezulu kweenjongo zoluntu (ukudibana, ukufudumala, unxibelelwano, ukwamkeleka kunye neemvakalelo zoluntu)." Abantu abaphakamileyo ekuthandeni i-narcissistic "bafuna ukugcina kunye nokukhulisa ukuzithemba okuphezulu kunye nokufumana ukwamkelwa kwangaphandle kwezimvo zabo ezinkulu" (iphe. 468). I-Machiavellianism ikwabandakanya ukufuna iinjongo zearhente, kodwa kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. "Umbono wehlabathi ongaqinisekanga," obanjwe nguMachivavellis wehlabathi, uthatha abanye abantu njengabakhoyo ukuba baxhatshazwe. Ngenxa yoko, aba bantu banamathuba “bayazijongela phantsi iinjongo zoluntu kunye nokuziphatha kunye noloyiko lokuba abanye baya kubalawula, babenzakalise, okanye babaxhaphaze ukuba abanabameli okanye abanamandla ngokwaneleyo” (iphepha 468).

Esebenzisa idatha evela "kuNguquko yeNkqubo yeSikolo samaBanga aPhakamileyo kunye neMfundo yezeMfundo" yokufunda ixesha elide (elifinyezwe njenge- "TOSCA"), uGrosz kunye nabasebenzisana nabo bavavanya utshintsho olude kubude besikolo esiphakamileyo abavavanywa okokuqala ngo-2002 kwaye iqela lesibini laqala ngo-2006. Isithuba seminyaka emine senza uluhlu oluncinci lokuchaza iqela, uyilo lwesifundo ubuncinci lwenza ukuba kube lula ukuphindaphinda iipateni zotshintsho ukusuka kwiqela lokuqala ukuya kwisibini. Iisampulu ze-TOSCA zombini zazinkulu (i-4,962 kweyokuqala kunye ne-2,572 kweyesibini), ivumela iqela lophando ukuba livavanye kungekuphela nje utshintsho kodwa kunye nefuthe kuluhlu olubanzi lweziganeko zobomi ezinokwenzeka ezichaphazela utshintsho kubuntu babo. Ngaphaya koko, ababhali babekwazi ukuvavanya i-hypothesis esekwe kwithemba elinomdla lokuba ukhetho lomfundi lwekholeji lubonakalisa, kwaye luchaphazeleka ziimpawu zobuntu. Ngokukodwa, uGrosz et al. bakholelwa ekubeni abafundi abenza izifundo eziphambili kwezoqoqosho bayakuchukunyiswa zizifundo zabo ukuze bakhulise “utyekelo lokuziphatha kakubi” ngohlobo lokufumana amanqaku aphezulu okuncoma kunye neMachiavellianism ephezulu. Le hypothesis yavela kuphando olukhulu lobuntu kunye namava asekholejini.

Ukubuyela kwidatha ye-TOSCA, ababhali bacele abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bayilinganise, qho emva kweminyaka emibini, amava abo okuba baye kwelinye okanye ngaphezulu kweziganeko zobomi ezingama-30. Ngokugcina ugxininiso lwesifundo kwi-arhente (yomntu ngamnye) ngokuchasene neenjongo zoluntu (iqela), ababhali bohlula-hlula iziganeko zobomi ngokwamanqanaba abonisa le dichotomy. Uhlalutyo oluntsonkothileyo olwenziwe ngababhali kuvavanywa, emva koko, utshintsho lobude, umahluko wamaqela, kunye nefuthe leziganeko zobomi, kubandakanya amava anxulumene nokuba ngoyena ndoqo kwezoqoqosho.

Iziphumo zabonisa, okokuqala, ukuba amanqaku okuncoma i-narcissistic ahlala ezinzile kuyo yonke iminyaka ukusuka kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ukuya emva nje kweekholeji. Ababhali bakholelwa ukuba ukuba babebalandele abafundi ixesha elide, edlulileyo kwiminyaka yabantu abadala, ukunconywa kwe-narcissistic bekuya kubonisa ukwehla njengoko kuye kwabonwa kuphando lwangaphambili. Kwelinye icala, ukunqongophala kokuncipha kubangele ukuba ababhali baphinde bavavanye ibango labo lokuba ukwehla kwe-narcissism kuyahambelana nomgaqo wokuvuthwa: “Mhlawumbi ezinye izinto ezithandwayo (umz. ) ebudaleni "(iphepha 476). Ngamanye amagama, mhlawumbi abantu abadala abancinci bakufumanisa kuyinzuzo ukuzama ukufezekiswa kunye nenqanaba njengoko bezinza emhlabeni.

Kwiziganeko zobomi ezibandakanyiweyo kolu phononongo, ukonyuka kokunconywa kwe-narcissistic kunxulunyaniswa notshintsho oluvavanywe ngokuqinisekileyo kwindlela otya ngayo okanye ekulaleni, ucebisa ukuba xa izinto zihamba kakuhle, abantu baziva bengcono malunga nabo kwaye ngenxa yoko bathatha imikhwa esempilweni. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba emva kweekholeji, abantu abadala abancinci banakho ngcono ukuhlengahlengisa iishedyuli zabo, zona ezo, ezibanceda bazive benethemba kwaye benethemba. Ukuqhawula ubudlelwane bothando yayisesinye isiganeko sobomi esayanyaniswa nokonyuka kokunconywa kwe-narcissistic. Oku kubonakala ngathi kuyaphazamisa kunokuchazwa, njengoko ababhali beqaphela, ngento yokuba emva kokuba ubudlelwane buphelile, abantu baye bathambekele ekuhlaleni kwaye bajolise ngakumbi kwiinjongo zearhente, okt. Kwelinye icala, kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu ababa ziiarhente ezingakumbi babe ngamaqabane athandanayo angathandekiyo. Ukutshintsha kweiyunivesithi yayilutshintsho lobomi besine olunxulunyaniswa nokwanda kokunconywa. Zonke ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zibonisa ukuba, kubabhali, abantu abenza utshintsho lobomi obungunaphakade bayakwazi ukufikelela kulungelelwaniso lomntu olungcono: (479).

Ukufundwa okubalulekileyo kweNarcissism

Ukuhlengahlengiswa kolawulo: Izinto esizenzayo kuNarcissist