Kutheni le nto sahlula i-Psychiatry kunye ne-Neurology?

Umxholo

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Njengokuba inkqubela phambili kwi-neurobiology kunye ne-genetics ityhila unxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo phakathi kobume bengqondo, ukusebenza, kunye neempawu zesifo sengqondo, kuye kwakho iminxeba ehlaziyiweyo yokuphinda ubeke ukugula kwengqondo njengesifo senkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Oku kugqityiwe kwizitatimenti zasesidlangalaleni ngamanani abalulekileyo kwizifundo zengqondo zaseMelika, ezinje ngoThomas Insel wokuba isifo sengqondo sisifo sengqondo kunye nesindululo sikaEric Kandel sokudibanisa isifo sengqondo kunye nemithambo-luvo.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwengqondo kunye nemithambo-luvo bekusoloko kuyinto ebangela umdla nengxabano, kwaye ezi mpikiswano zijikeleze ubudlelwane phakathi kwesifo sengqondo kunye nemithambo-luvo ayonto intsha. Phantse kwiminyaka engamakhulu amabini eyadlulayo, ugqirha wemithambo-luvo nodokotela wengqondo uWilhelm Griesinger (1845) wanyanzelisa esithi "zonke izigulo zengqondo zizigulo zobuchopho," impikiswano evakalayo kwizibhengezo zamva nje ezinjengezo zika-Insel noKandel.

Ngokuchasene noko, ugqirha wezengqondo kunye nefilosofi uKarl Jaspers (1913), ebhala phantse kwinkulungwane emva kukaGreisinger, wathi "khange kubekho kuzaliseka kwethemba lokuba ukujongwa kweklinikhi kweziganeko zengqondo, zembali yobomi kunye nesiphumo kunokuvelisa uphawu Amaqela aza kuthi emva koko aqinisekiswe kwiziphumo zobuchopho "(iphepha 568).

Iphepha lakutshanje elipapashwe kwi Ijenali ye-Neuropsychiatry kunye ne-Clinical Neurosciences iqala, "Ngelixa uninzi lwamalungu lunolwazi olulodwa olunikezelweyo kwezonyango, ingqondo yahlulwe ngokwembali yamacandelo amabini, i-neurology kunye nonyango lwengqondo" (UPerez, Keshavan, Scharf, Boes, & Price, 2018, p. 271). ekhethekileyo ejongene nezifo zobuchopho.

Nditsho ukuba ezi zindululo zokuphinda zibeke ukugula kwengqondo njengesifo semithambo-luvo kusekwe kwimpazamo yodidi olusisiseko kwaye umahluko phakathi kwengqondo kunye ne-neurology ayisiyonto iphikisayo.

Oku akunakuphikwa Umzimba, Oko kukuthi, ingqondo ikhona ngenxa yengqondo, kwaye ndiyavuma ukuba ngaxeshanye yamkele ukuba ingqondo isebenza kwengqondo kwaye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo akuncitshiswa kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ukwenza oku, makhe sihlolisise umahluko phakathi kokugula ngengqondo kunye nemithambo-luvo emva koko sivavanye ibango lokuba ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunokuncitshiswa kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Izifo zemithambo-luvo, ngokwenkcazo, zizifo zenkqubo esembindini kunye ne-peripheral system, kwaye zinokuthi zichongwe ngokubanzi kwisiseko sokuvavanywa kwezonyango, njenge-electroencephalography yesifo sokuwa kunye nokubonwa kwemagneti yokujonga ithumba ebuchotsheni. Izifo ezininzi zemithambo-luvo zinokuba njalo ibalulwe, Intsingiselo efumanekayo ikho njengesilonda kwindawo ethile yengqondo okanye inkqubo yeemvakalelo. Ngelixa ezinye izifo zemithambo-luvo zinokubangela iimpawu zengqondo, ezinje ngokutshintsha kwemood okanye umbono, isifo se-neurological asihambelani ikakhulu nokungaqheleki kwengqondo, kwaye zibakho emva kwesifo esichaphazelayo kwinkqubo yovalo.

Ngokuchasene noko, ukugula ngengqondo okanye kwengqondo kubonakaliswa kukuphazamiseka okubalulekileyo ekliniki kwiingcinga, kwiimvakalelo, okanye ekuziphatheni. Inkqubo ye- Unyango woNyango kunye neNgcaciso yeNcwadi yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo ayithathi cala kwithiyori kwisizathu sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kwaye, ngaphandle kwamabango aphikisayo ngabagqirha bonyango, ugqirha wengqondo waseMelika akaze akuchaze ngokusesikweni ukugula ngengqondo "njengokungalingani kwemichiza" okanye isifo sengqondo (jonga iiPies, 2019).

Ngelixa inkqubela phambili eninzi yenziwe kwimimandla ye-neuroscience kunye ne-genetics encedisa ukuqonda kwethu kwisifo sengqondo, akusekho nanye i-biomarker ebonakalayo kuyo nayiphi na ingxaki yengqondo. Ngokwembali, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuthathelwe ingqalelo izifo ezisebenzayo, ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle komsebenzi, kunokuba izifo zesakhiwo, ezinxulunyaniswa nezinto ezingaqhelekanga zebhayoloji. Umbutho waseAmerican Psychiatric Association (2013) uchaza ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngale ndlela:

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo sisifo esibonakaliswa kukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo eklinikhi yokuqonda komntu, imo yeemvakalelo, okanye isimilo esibonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwiinkqubo zengqondo, zebhayoloji, okanye zophuhliso ezisebenza ekusebenzeni kwengqondo. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuhlala kunxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo olukhulu kwintlalo, emsebenzini, okanye kwezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo (iphepha 20).

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