Kutheni uMvuzo ngeXesha loQeqesho utshintsha indlela yokuziphatha kweNja?

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ukunika inja umvuzo wokuphendula ngendlela echanekileyo ngexesha loqeqesho kutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha. Umzekelo, xa sitsala ukuqeqesha inja ukuba ihlale, sihambisa impatho ngaphezulu kwentloko yenja nasemva kwayo ngelixa sinika umyalelo "Hlala." Ukuze ugcine amehlo akhe kunyango, inja inyibilika ibuye ihlale kwindawo ehleli kuyo. Nje ukuba inja ikwindawo echanekileyo, siyinika olo nyango. Emva kokuphindaphinda kwesi senzo, sifumanisa ukuba inja ngoku iphendula kumyalelo "wokuhlala" ngokuhlala.

Abaqeqeshi bezinja bayithatha kancinci into yokuba ukunika inja imbuyekezo kutshintshe indlela abaziphethe ngayo, kodwa izazinzulu zokuziphatha zisafuna ukwazi indlela yokuba kutheni kwaye isebenza njani. Isifundo esitsha esikhokelwa nguMolly Byrne kwiKholeji yaseBoston sicebisa ukuba kukho inkqubo elula kakhulu yokuziphatha, ekunokwenzeka ukuba yemfuza, ebangela ukuba uqeqesho lusebenze.

Makhe sithathe inyathelo emva kwaye sibone ukuba yintoni ngokwenene ebandakanyeka kuqeqesho lwezinja. Izinja, njengezona zinto ziphilayo (kubandakanya abantu), zizinto ezikhuthaza ukuziphatha. Yindlela nje yezobugcisa yokutsho ukuba bayazenza izinto, izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ubuqhetseba obubandakanya ukuqeqesha inja kukumenza akhuphe indlela yokuziphatha esiyinqwenelayo, njengokuhlala kumyalelo, kunye nokuphepha ukukhupha ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ezingafunekiyo okanye ezingafunekiyo, ezinje ngokulala phantsi, ukujikeleza usenza isangqa, ukutsiba, njalo njalo phambili. Kodwa ke, xa uqala uqeqesho, inja ayinalo nofifi lokuba ufuna ntoni. Zininzi iindlela zokuziphatha anokuzenza.

Into efanayo iyaqhubeka ekusombululeni iingxaki. Inye kuphela indlela yokuziphatha eya kusombulula ingxaki kwaye zonke ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha azisebenzi. Umzekelo, masithi ufike kwisango legadi. Utyhala isango ukuze uyivule, kodwa ayisebenzi. Uyaqhubeka nokutyhala esangweni? Akunjalongo noko. Uzama enye into - masithi ukutsala isango. Akukasebenzi. Ke awuqhubeki utsala isango; endaweni yoko, uzama enye indlela yokuziphatha. Ngeli xesha uphakamisa i-latch ukuze isango lijike livuleke.

Ngexesha elizayo xa udibana nesango, awuzukutyhala okanye ulitsale. Kuba uvuzwe ngokuziphatha okuthile ngaphambili, uya kufikelela kwangoko kwitheyibhile ukuze uyivule. Uthatha inxaxheba koko iingcali zengqondo zikubiza ngokuba yi "win-stay-lose-shift-shift" qhinga. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba uzama indlela yokuziphatha kwaye ayikuniki umvuzo owunqwenelayo, awuphindi uyenze kodwa kunoko zama indlela eyahlukileyo yokuziphatha. Ukuba uzama indlela yokuziphatha kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ufumane umvuzo owufunayo, emva koko uphinde. Ukuba esi sicwangciso silula sokuqonda sasifakelwe izinja zofuzo, kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba singasebenzisa imbuyekezo njengendlela yokuziqeqesha. Ngokuqinisekileyo oku kuyakusebenza kuqeqesho lwenja ukuba ihlale, kuba xa ihleli kumyalelo ifumana umvuzo (kungoko isimilo sokuhlala siphindaphindwa) ngelixa ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha zingavuzwa kwaye inja ayiziphindi.

Ukuchonga ukuba izinja zinalo olu hlolo-hlala-ulahle-utshintsho-kwisicwangciso sokuqonda kwiqela laseBoston leqela lophando kuvavanye izinja zabantu abadala ezingama-323 ezinobudala obumalunga neminyaka emithathu. Izinja zaboniswa kuqala ukuba xa zinokugungqa ikomityi yeplastiki banokufumana umvuzo wokutya ofihlwe phantsi kwawo. Emva koko, banikwa iikomityi ezimbini zeplastiki, ezivulekileyo-ezantsi, ebusweni phambi kwabo, enye ngasekhohlo kunye nomnye kwicala lasekunene lomhlaba. Ngoku inye kuphela yeekomityi ebiphethe unyango ngelixa elinye ibingenalo. Izinja zakhululwa kwaye zavunyelwa ukuba zikhethe enye yeendebe. Ukuba izinja zinalo eli cebo lokuphumelela-lokulahleka-kokutshintsha, ke ukuba kwityala elithile, bayankqonkqoza ikomityi kwaye banempatho phantsi kwayo singalindela ukuba kwixesha elizayo xa benikwa ukhetho olufanayo baya kukhetha indebe kwicala elinye lendawo apho bafumana khona umvuzo (win-stay). Ngelixa bekungekho mvuzo kufuneka batshintshe indlela abaziphethe ngayo kwaye bakhethe ikomityi kwelinye icala (balahle-ishifti). Ngapha koko, yile nto bayenzileyo, kwaye malunga nesibini kwisithathu sezinja zikhethe icala elinye ebelikade livuzwa ngaphambili, ngelixa bekungekho mvuzo kwityala elilandelayo phantse iipesenti ezingama-45 zatshintshela kwelinye icala.

Ngoku umbuzo uhleli wokuba le win-stay-lose-shift-shift is a strategy which the older izinja ezifunde ukuba ziluncedo ebomini babo, okanye nokuba yinxalenye ye-wiring yabo yemfuza. Ukuphendula oku, iqela lophando liqhube iiseti ezifanayo zovavanyo kusetyenziswa iseti yeenjana ezingama-334 ezaziphakathi kwe-8 kunye ne-10 yeeveki ubudala. Iziphumo zaziphantse zafana, ke xa ikomityi ekhethwe yinjanana yayinyangwa phantsi kwayo, kwityala elilandelayo, malunga nesibini kwisithathu bakhetha ikomityi kwicala elinye elalivuzwe ngaphambili. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuba bekungekho mvuzo kukhetho lwangaphambili phantse isiqingatha sazo zonke iinjana sitshintshele kwelinye icala kwetyala elilandelayo. Kungenxa yokuba esi sicwangciso sokuziphatha sibonakala kwasekuqaleni kubomi benja, uqikelelo olusengqiqweni kukuba kukuziphatha okunekhowudi yemfuza ye-canine.

Ke kubonakala ngathi iyimfihlakalo indlela imivuzo esebenza ngayo njengeyona ndlela isebenzayo yoqeqesho lwezinja isonjululwa kuba iqhinga elilula kakhulu lifakwe kwii-canines. Ithi, "Ukuba into oyenzileyo ikunikile umvuzo, phinda. Ukuba akunjalo, zama enye into." Yindlela elula yokuziphatha elula, kodwa iyasebenza, kwaye ivumela abantu ukuba basebenzise ngempumelelo imbuyekezo yokuqeqesha izinja zethu.

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