Kutheni siXakeke ngamaGorha

Iphepha elitsha elipapashwe kwiphephancwadi Psychology yeendaba eziDumileyo Inika inkcazo yokuba kutheni ngamanye amaxesha sizifumana sisenza i-Tony Sopranos, iWalter Whites, kunye neHarley Quinns zehlabathi. Inxulumene nenqanaba apho sizibona khona iinkalo zobuntu bethu kuzo.

Kutshanje ndiye ndathetha noDara Greenwood, umbhali ophambili wophando, ukuxoxa ngenkuthazo yakhe yale projekthi kunye noko akufumeneyo. Nasi isishwankathelo sengxoxo yethu.

UMark Travers : Yintoni ekutsalele kwesi sihloko?

UDara Greenwood Iprojekthi yaqalwa ngumfundi wam oqaqambileyo owayenomdla ekuqondeni ukuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zengqondo zinokuyibeka njani kwimicimbi ye-antihero. Ayilulo uhlobo lwam, nangona bendinomlutha omkhulu kwi "House" back when!

Ngaba abantu ababelana ngezinye zeendlela ezichaseneyo nama-antiheroes baya kubafumana banomdla ngakumbi? Okanye, ngaba babenomdla kakhulu kangangokuba umahluko phakathi kwababukeli wawungafanelekanga ebalini?

Sifumanise ukuba iingxelo zokungazonwabisi phakathi kwababukeli-ezinje ngobundlongondlongo kunye neMachiavellianism-zichaze ukwanda kobudlelwane kuhlobo nakubalinganiswa. Umzekelo, umntu ofumene amanqaku aphezulu kubundlongondlongo ukwabukela iinkqubo ze-antihero rhoqo, uxele ukonyuka kokonwaba kwempembelelo yabo esekwe kwimpindezelo, kwaye baziva befana kakhulu ne-antihero oyithandayo xa kuthelekiswa nabo bafumana amanqaku asezantsi kugonyamelo.

Nangona kunjalo, ibali lalinzima. Abathathi-nxaxheba babesengozini yokufuna ukuba njenge-antihero eyintandokazi ababonwa ngathi banobuqhawe ngakumbi, kwaye imibukiso ibalwe njengobundlobongela obuninzi obunxulunyaniswa namanqanaba asezantsi obuhlobo.

Enye into enomdla yayikukuba umntu okhohlakeleyo wayeliqhawe lomnye umntu. Umzekelo, nangona uninzi lwabantu lubeka uWalter White phezulu kwicala lezinto ezimbi, ubuncinci umntu omnye umthatha njengegorha. Ke, zininzi iindlela zokuqwalaselwa.

Ukuhamba : Zithini iimpawu zokuxela okanye iimpawu zengqondo ye-antihero?

IGreenwood : Izazinzulu ziqaphele ukuba uninzi lweeherohero ezibonakala ngathi zinento ebizwa ngokuba yi "Dark Triad" yeempawu-ingqokelela yeendlela ezichasene nabantu ezibandakanya i-narcissism, i-Machiavellianism kunye ne-psychopathy.

Ii-antiheroes zikwangamadoda ubukhulu becala-nangona amaqhawe angamakhosikazi ngokuqinisekileyo efumana ukubambeka- kwaye bathanda ukuba neempawu ezibaxekileyo ze-hyper-masculine iimpawu zokungakhathali okanye ubundlongondlongo.

Kukho ukwahluka okuninzi ekunokuthi kuthathwe njenge-antihero. Banokubandakanya oonobumba abajolise kusapho abangena kunye nabaphuma kwindlela enobundlobongela okanye engalunganga (njengoWalter White okanye uTony Soprano), okanye banokuthi babandakanye abalinganiswa besitayile esinjengoJames Bond okanye noBatman, abafuna ubulungisa endaweni ngokwabo okanye abanye ngeendlela zobundlobongela.

Ukuhamba : Yintoni eyahlula i-antihero yamadoda kwi-antihero yabasetyhini?

IGreenwood : Enye into, umthamo omkhulu wama-antiheroes amancinci kakhulu kunamadoda-okubuhlungu kukuba kuyinyani nakwabalinganiswa kwiimuvi nakwiTV (eyindoda ukuya kumfazi skew kubonakala ngathi iyajikeleza malunga ne-2: 1).

Kwisifundo sethu, kuphela liipesenti ze-11 zabathathi-nxaxheba abakhethe abantu ababhinqileyo njengezintandokazi (kwaye uninzi lwabafazi lwalukhetha amadoda). Kukwakho nolunye ufundisiso olucebisa ukuba ama-antiheroes amabhinqa anokuziva enetyala ngakumbi kunamadoda abo ekwenzeni okungalunganga, okanye banokungathandwa ngababukeli. Oku kungalandela nesibakala sokuba abasetyhini abophula imigaqo yesiqhelo yabasetyhini yokuba bavumeleke okanye bangenzi nto banokubonwa ngokungalunganga kunamadoda aziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Umsebenzi omninzi uyafuneka ukucacisa imeko ezimeleyo apha.

Ukuhamba : Ngaba ezinye iinkcubeko zitsala umdla kuma-antiheroes kunamanye?

IGreenwood : Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba ii-antiheroes zimele uhlobo lobundlongondlongo lobuqu, kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba zithandwe kwiinkcubeko ezizodwa, okanye kwiinkcubeko apho kulinywa khona iingcinga zabantu ngabanye. Umbono wokuma ngaphandle, wedwa, kwaye uzenzele ngokuzithandela egameni lakho konke kufanelekile kolo hlobo lwengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ukumela abanye kunokuba kungqinelana nenkcubeko yokudibana. Uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ngaphambili.

Ukuhamba : Ngaba zikhona ezinye izizathu zokuba kutheni sinokuphucula ukuthanda "okungenangqondo" okanye ukudibana namaqhawe?

IGreenwood : Ngeendlela ezininzi, ayisiyongqondo kwaphela ukunxibelelana nabalinganiswa abaphambili beengxelo ezenziwe ngobuchule; Sivelile ukuba sifunde kumabali kunye nokujonga ngokubonakalayo. Ezinye izazinzulu ngengqondo zosasazo zithi inxenye yolonwabo lwento ekuthiwa "kukuhambisa" ukuya kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya nakumabonwakude kukukwazi ukuba nengozi okanye ukona ngokuziphatha umgama okude. Ewe kunjalo, icala elisezantsi kukuba sinokubekwa kwimeko enobuchule ukuze sinike indlela yokuziphatha gwenxa okanye singabi nantlonelo ngayo, njengoko abalinganiswa beqala ukuziva ngathi bangabahlobo abanokuphindeka kwaye njengoko siphinda sizibonela izenzo zobundlobongela. Okanye, sinokuziva ngathi ezethu iimpembelelo ezinoburharha zithetheleleke ngakumbi okanye zibalulekile. Zombini zexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide zophando malunga nefuthe lobundlobongela kwimithombo yeendaba zibonisa ukuba akufuneki kugxothwe njengenye (phakathi kwezinto ezininzi) ezinobungozi.

Ukuhamba : Ngoobani amanye amaqhawe akho owathandayo?

IGreenwood : Njengoko benditshilo, khange ibe luhlobo lwam lokwenyani. Ndinovakalelo kakhulu kubundlobongela balo naluphi na uhlobo kwaye ndakwazi ukwenza indlela yam kwisiqendu sokuqala se "Breaking Bad."

Kodwa bendimthanda uGqirha House, ngokuyinxenye kuba uHugh Laurie wayeyingqondi kwindima, kwaye ngokuyinxenye kuba ubusazi ukuba ekugqibeleni uneenjongo ezilungileyo kunye neziphumo (ubukhulu becala) phantsi kwendlela yakhe yokungakhathali. Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ndikhe ndaphazanyiswa "yimikhwa yokuziphatha." Mhlawumbi ndimyekile ngenxa yeendlela zakhe zokuziphatha ngokungafanelekanga kuba ekugqibeleni usindise ubomi. Uluvo lokuba iziphelo ziyawuthethelela umendo luhamba kunye nengqondo kaMachiavellian engakumbi. Hmm ...