Kutheni Ulwazelelelo Kunabantu Abaninzi

Ngaba uziva ukuba unovakalelo kwiintlungu kunabantu abaninzi? Ukuba uphendule kwisikhuthazo esibuhlungu ngokunzulu nangakumbi kunabanye? Akumangalisi ukuba, isiseko sale nto yemvakalelo similiselwe kwi-DNA yakho. Kodwa hayi ngale ndlela ucinga ngayo. Yikholwe okanye ungakholelwa, esona sizathu sokuqaqanjelwa ziintlungu ngenxa yokuba ipesenti encinci yabantu banamhlanje ineentlobo ezithile zofuzo ezavela kwiiNeanderthals.

Kulungile, iiNeanderthal. Ewe, bekusaziwa kangangexesha elithile ukuba abantu bahlangana namaNeanderthal ngaphambi kokuba siqhubele phambili ukuphelisa ubuzali kunye nokhuphiswano lukaHomo sapiens. Nangona kunjalo, iHomo neanderthalensis isekhona kwi "genome" yomntu. Ngokwengxelo yakutshanje epapashwe kulindixesha Inzululwazi , kangange-2.6% ye-DNA ebantwini abaphilayo yafunyanwa kwilifa leNeanderthals (iSayensi, ngoNovemba, 2017).

Ngapha koko, isifundo esandula ukwenziwa Ibhayoloji yangoku (Nge-Septemba, 2020) ucebisa ukuba i-0.4% yabemi ine-Neanderthal gene eyahlukileyo eyonyusa ukuqhutywa kwempembelelo kunye nokuveliswa kwendlela yeentlungu, ngaloo ndlela kukhokelela ekuqaqambiseni iintlungu kunye nentlungu enkulu kweli qela lincinci labantu ngokubanzi. Ngokucacileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba i-31.2 yezigidi ze-7.8 yezigidi zabantu abakhoyo ngoku - enye kuma-250-bafumana iintlungu ezinkulu kakhulu kunesininzi sabantu. Ewe kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuqonda kunye namava okulinganisa kunye nokuqaqanjelwa kwentlungu njenge-sommelier inokuqonda ubunzima, iileya, kunye nezinto ezizodwa kwiwayini entle.

Ukufumana ukuqonda okupheleleyo kolu phando, kuyanceda ukwazi okuncinci malunga nokuqonda kwentlungu, kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo iimithambo-luvo kunye nokuphendula kwisikhuthazi esiyingozi. Ukuqala, igama lobuchwephesha lokuqonda iintlungu kukungazithandi. La ngamava aziwayo okuvuselela okubuhlungu okanye okwenzakalisayo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhuthaza iintlungu: ubushushu (ubushushu nokubanda), umatshini (uxinzelelo kunye nokuncina), kunye neekhemikhali (ityhefu kunye neetyhefu).

Ngapha koko, kukho izilungiso ezilungelelaniswe ngokukodwa ezibizwa ngokuba zii-nociceptors ezifumanisa kwaye ziphendule kwezi zinto zinokuba yingozi ngokuthumela imiqondiso ye-electrochemical kunye nemicu ye-nerve kwingqondo ngendlela yomqolo. Ezi ntambo zemithambo-luvo zenziwe ngeeseli ezizodwa eziguquke zakwazi ukufumana, ukufumana, ukuhlanganisa, ukudibanisa, kunye nokuphendula kwizikhuthazi ezahlukeneyo ngokuthumela imiqondiso yabo kwiithagethi ezithile kuwo wonke umzimba. Oku kubhekiswa kuko njengokudubula kwentliziyo okanye ukusasaza umqondiso kwezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo okanye izicwili ezinje ngezihlunu, amadlala, inkqubo yemithambo, kunye namalungu.

Kwinqanaba leemolekyuli, oku kunokwenzeka kuba, xa kusebenze, iiseli zemithambo-luvo (okanye ii-neuron xa zibhekisa kwingqondo nakumqolo womqolo) ziyakwazi ukutshintshela ii-ion zombane ezihlawuliswe ngombane kwiimbumba zazo ngokusebenzisa amajelo eemolekyuli abizwa ngokuba zii-ionophores (ngokoqobo "ion carrier"). Xa inwebu yeseli yemithambo-luvo itshintsha ngokukhawuleza ii-ion ze-sodium ezingaphezulu (okt, isodium yokuhlamba iseli) kunye ne-intracellular potassium (okt, i-potasium ebibanjelwe ngaphakathi kweseli) ikhokelela kumaza e-electrochemical asasazekayo kuqikelelo lwe-nerve (ihlala ibizwa ngokuba zii-axon) njengombane ohamba ngocingo. Xa le ntshukumisa yemithambo-luvo ifika kwiithagethi zayo, ibangela ukusasazeka kweziganeko ezikhokelela ekuphenduleni kunye / okanye ekuqondeni ukuqonda.

Ngokophando olukhankanywe apha ngasentla, kubonakala ngathi abantu abane-gene ye-Neanderthal banee-nociceptors nge-ionophores yabo ekulungele ukuvula ilizwe. Yiyo loo nto izinto ezincinci ezikhuthazayo ziya kuthi zibangele ukuba umntu abe nelifa lemfuza elinxulumene nabantu abangenawo. Ngokusisiseko, oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abane-gene ye-Neanderthal banconyelwe ukuba bazive iintlungu. Into enomdla kukuba ikwabonakalisiwe ukuba iintlungu zengqondo okanye zengqondo zixolelaniswa yimimandla efanayo yobuchopho elawula ukungabikho komzimba. Ngelixa kungekho datha (okwangoku) edibanisa i-Neanderthal nociceptive gene kukonyusa uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphando lwexesha elizayo luza kutyhila unxibelelwano.

Khumbula: Cinga kakuhle, yenza kakuhle, uzive uphilile, Phila!

Ilungelo lokushicilela 2020 Clifford N. Lazarus, Ph.D. Esi sithuba senzelwe ulwazi kuphela. Ayenzelwanga ukuba ibambele kuncedo oluvela kubuchwephesha bezempilo. Intengiso kule post ayibonisi izimvo zam kwaye ayivunyelwanga ndim.