Ulondolozo olunemfesane kunye nozinzo eBhutan

Xa ndibuza abantu abanomdla kulondolozo kunye nokhuselo lokusingqongileyo leliphi ilizwe abangathanda ukulityelela, inani elikhulu, ngaphandle kokuthandabuza, yatsho iBhutan. Ndiyavuma, kwaye ndiyavuya ukunikezela ngodliwanondlebe olusemhlabeni kunye nolwangoku kunye noGqirha Michael Tobias, omnye wababhali kunye noGqirha Ugyen Tshewang noJane Gray Morrison wencwadi entsha ebizwa IBhutan: Ulondolozo kunye nokuKhuselwa kwendalo kwiiHimalaya. Lo msebenzi uphawuleyo uqaphela abantu abangengobantu njengabathathi-nxaxheba kwiinkqubo zolondolozo kwaye unika isishwankathelo esineenkcukacha sokuba eli lizwe lincinci lizenze njani iindlela zolondolozo ezingqongqo ezibonisa imizekelo elandelwayo lihlabathi liphela. ^1,2

UMarc Bekoff: Kutheni ubhale le ncwadi?

UMichael Tobias: Ngokwenene sisiphelo samashumi amaninzi ophando lwentsimi. UGqirha Tshewang wayengumntu wokuqala waseBhutan ukufumana i-Ph.D. kwinzululwazi yendalo, kwaye kamva – emva kobugcisa obubalaseleyo kwezenzululwazi noburhulumente eBhutan- wayeza kuba nguNobhala weKhomishini yeSizwe yezeNdalo, iziko eliphambili leli lizwe kwicandelo lezendalo. Mna noJane besihamba sibheka ngapha nangapha kwiiHimalaya ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane.

Ndandiqala eBhutan ebusika ngo-1974/75. Eli lizwe limele uninzi lwendalo ye-Shangri-la – kwaye, ngeendlela ezininzi – lilizwe lamaBuddha, elingathathi cala kwikhabhoni elingaphezulu kwama-70% eendonga zalo ezingamahlathi ezikhuselweyo. Nangona inani labemi lincinci, malunga ne-760,000, ikwazile ngeendlela ezininzi ukuxhasa uninzi lweyona migaqo-nkqubo izinzileyo yendalo kulo naliphi na ilizwe. Kodwa iBhutan ayinakuphumla kwi-laurels yayo. Kukho amafu amnyama ngaphambili kwaye uGqirha Ugyen Tshewang, uJane Grey Morrison kwaye besifuna ukuzisa iimfuno ezingxamisekileyo ngaphambili nakwiziko, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezintathu: ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukukhululwa kwezilwanyana, kunye nokukhuselwa kwezinto ezigqibeleleyo zaseBhutan phyla.

Le ncwadi ngeyingenzekanga ukuba ibingeyiyo intsebenziswano enobubele kunye neqaqambileyo yabacebisi abangama-61 kuwo onke amacandelo endalo eBhutan, kunye neqela lobuchwephesha elisebenza phantsi kwesihloko esisebenzayo se-ACPB-Uvavanyo lweZinto eziPhambili zoLondolozo eBhutan, ekuqaleni iphuhliswe yi-US-based Dancing Star Foundation. Iqela le-ACPB lenze izazinzulu ezili-12 eziphambili kwilizwe.

Ngaphezulu koko, siziva sinozuko olukhulu ukwamkelwa ngu-Obalaseleyo uLyonchen (uGqr) Lotay Tshjering, Inkulumbuso yeRoyal Government yaseBhutan, obhale intshayelelo yale ncwadi; kunye noHloniphekileyo uLyonpo Yeshey Penjore, uMphathiswa wezoLimo kunye namaHlathi kaRhulumente waseRoyal waseBhutan, obhale intshayelelo.

MB: Ngaba incwadi yakho inxibelelana njani nemvelaphi yakho kunye nemimandla ngokubanzi yomdla?

MT: Sobathathu sobabini sikhethe uninzi lomsebenzi wethu kwimimandla yezentaba kunye nokukhuselwa kwezilwanyana, ngokusebenzisa iilensi zokuziphatha, kunye nokuzinza kwezenkcubeko.

MB: Ngubani abaphulaphuli bakho ekujoliswe kubo?

MT: Sivakalelwa kukuba abo banomdla kwikamva lobomi emhlabeni, kunye nendlela abantu abaceba ukulungisa ngayo imeko yabo engazinzanga, baya kuza kule ncwadi besazi ukuba uluntu olulawulwa ngokwentando yesininzi njengeBhutan, esele inamashumi eminyaka lubonisa olona luqinileyo kunye nolondolozo olunemfesane lalo naliphi na ilizwe, kugxilwe ekwenzeni ngcono. Ukwenza uhlengahlengiso kwindlela eya kwikamva eliya kukhusela kwaye ihloniphe yonke indalo luphawu lomntu ophilileyo, kunye nelizwe elinengqiqo, ngakumbi ngeli xesha le-21st century Anthropocene, ispasm sesithandathu sokuphela komhlaba kubhayiloji Iimbali.

MB: Zeziphi ezinye zezihloko ezithi zalukwa kwincwadi yakho kwaye zithini imiyalezo yakho ephambili?

MT: Mhlawumbi ezona zindululo zibalulekileyo zomgaqo-nkqubo kule ncwadi zezi: (1) Isalathiso soLonwabo seLizwe esiSisiseko seZilwanyana, esithetha, iseti yemigaqo-nkqubo eBhutanese eya kugxila kwindlela yokuqinisekisa ilizwe eliqhubeka ixesha elide ikamva lokuhlonela zonke iintlobo, zonke i-biomes, kunye nokwenza uhlengahlengiso olusisiseko ukuze kuqhubeke amalungelo ezilwanyana kunye nezityalo njengomgangatho osisiseko wedemokhrasi yomgaqo-siseko, kunye (2) nomkhombe ocetywayo weHimalaya ngaphakathi komkhenkce waseBhutanese, ibhanki yemfuza emele zonke ezo zinto. Iindidi eziphambili zeBhutan ezinokuthi, kwimeko enezona meko zimbi, zinokufuna ukuba zigcinelwe usuku lwemvula, ukuba uyafuna.

MB: Yahluke njani incwadi yakho kwezinye ezinomdla kwizihloko ezifanayo?

MT: Kwincwadi engaphambili, I-Bionomics kwi-Dragon Kingdom: I-ecology, ezoqoqosho kunye nokuziphatha eBhutan, sobathathu (intshayelelo yiNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-Bhutan, u-Lordship wakhe uLyonpo Sonam Tobgye), sivavanye iziseko zolondolozo olunemfesane elizweni. Sibonakalise ukujonga ngokubanzi okufikelelekayo kwenkqubo yeepaki zesizwe, iindawo ezikhuselweyo, iipaseji ezikhuselweyo, kunye neziseko zomthetho nezopolitiko kunye nemingeni kwilizwe. Kwi-2008, incwadi yethu Ingcwele: iiOases zeLizwe jikelele zokuba msulwa .

Umsebenzi wethu wamva nje, IBhutan: Ulondolozo kunye nokuKhuselwa kwendalo kwiiHimalaya, Ubunzulu, ukuya phezulu ukuya kumzuzu, iphepha elinemifanekiso engama-400 elibonisa kakhulu ubuninzi bophando olutsha olubandakanya ukuzibophelela okukhulu kwimifanekiso ye-GIS echaza ubuninzi kunye nokusasazwa kweentlobo ezinqabileyo nezisongelayo, kunye nokuqaqamba Ukuvavanywa kwezo ndawo ngokubhekisele kukhetho lwetaxonomic, ungcoliseko, ukukhulelwa komzimba, utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nesoyikiso esibalulekileyo se-GLOF-glacial lake bloss-flood (ing) -into ebeka isoyikiso kwindawo enkulu yamanzi e-Himalaya. Amanzi ayo ondla ngaphezulu kwe-1 yezigidigidi zabamkeli bezantsi.

MB: Zeziphi ezinye zeeprojekthi zakho zangoku?

MT: Ugqirha Tshewang uyaqhubeka ngokungakhathali ukukhuthaza uzinzo, uvelwano, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kwilizwe lakhe. UTobias noMorrison kunye neDancing Star Foundation bayaqhubeka nomsebenzi wethu wezendalo eMelika nakwilizwe liphela. UTobias noMorrison banencwadi entsha ephuma kwi-Springer kamva kule Ntwasahlobo, Kwimeko yendalo. Kwaye Abapapashi beNOVA beNzululwazi kutshanje bakhuphe uTobias ' Umhlaba kumaQhekeza: Isimemo .