Izifo ze-Neurodegenerative: Iindidi, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Uphengululo lwezifo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-neurodeergenerative kunye neempawu zazo.
• Zithini izifo ze-neurodegenerative?
• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• Uninzi lweentlobo zezifo ze-neurodegenerative
• 1. Isifo se-Alzheimer
• 2. Isifo sikaParkinson
• 3. Multiple Sclerosis
• 4. I-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• 5. I-chorea yaseHuntington
• 6. I-ataxia kaFriedreich
• Unyango lwezifo ezingenayo imithambo-luvo
• Iingqinisiso zeBhayibhile

Uphengululo lwezifo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-neurodeergenerative kunye neempawu zazo.

Makhe sicinge ngesifo esoyikisa kakhulu. Mhlawumbi, abanye abantu baye bacinga umhlaza okanye i-AIDS, kodwa abanye abaninzi bakhethe i-Alzheimer's, okanye esinye isigulo apho kukho ukulahleka okuqhubekayo kwezakhono (ngakumbi ezengqondo, kodwa nezomzimba). Kwaye umbono wokuphulukana namandla ethu (ukungakwazi ukukhumbula, ukungakwazi ukuhamba, ukungazi ukuba singoobani okanye siphi) yinxalenye yamaphupha amabi kakhulu kunye noloyiko lwabaninzi.

Ngelishwa, kwabanye abantu kungaphezulu koloyiko: yinto abayiphilayo okanye abanethemba lokuphila kungekudala. Imalunga nabantu abaphethwe zizifo ze-neurodeergenerative, umbono esiza kuthetha ngawo kweli nqaku liphela.

Zithini izifo ze-neurodegenerative?

Izifo ze-Neurodegenerative ziyaqondwa njengeseti yezifo kunye nokuphazamiseka okubonakaliswa bubukho be-neurodegeneration, Oko kukuthi, ukonakala okuqhubekayo kude kube sekufeni kwee-neurons ezi yinxalenye yenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo.

Oku kufa kwe-neuronal kuhlala kuyinkqubela phambili kwaye kungenakuguqulwa, kubangele uthotho lweziphumo okanye iimpembelelo zokwahluka kobukrakra ezinokuthi ziqale ngokungabinampawu zibonakalisa ukuphulukana okuqhubekayo kwengqondo kunye / okanye amandla omzimba kwaye kukhokelele ekufeni (umzekelo, ngenxa yokubanjwa kwentliziyo, esinye sezona zinto zibangela ukufa kwezi ntlobo zeemeko).

Izifo ze-Neurodegenerative sesinye sezona zinto zihamba rhoqo kwaye zichaphazela unobangela wokukhubazeka, kuba i-neurodegeneration eqhubekayo iya kuthi ekugqibeleni ibangele umda kwimisebenzi kunye nokuqhubela phambili kokungakwazi ukumelana neemfuno zokusingqongileyo, efuna inkxaso yangaphandle kunye namaqondo ohlukeneyo oncedo.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Unobangela wolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka okanye izifo zinokuba zininzi, ngenani elikhulu lezinto ezinokuthi zibe nefuthe kwinkangeleko yazo. Imvelaphi yombuzo iya kuxhomekeka ikakhulu kwisifo se-neurodegenerative esithetha ngaso. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi izizathu ezingaziwayo zezi zifo azaziwa.

Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi ezinokubangela ukuba kukrokrelwe ezinye zazo abazaziyo, ezinye zezizathu zezifo zentsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo ezichaphazela inkqubo yeemvakalelo, ubukho botshintsho kwinkqubo yokuzimela komzimba ebangela ukuba ihlasele iiseli umzimba, umothuko kunye / okanye iingozi ze-cerebrovascular (kwimeko yesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo). Ukugqithisa kwezinye izinto ezinje nge Imizimba ye-Lewy, iiplagi ze-beta-amyloid okanye ii-tangles ze-neurofibrillary tangles ikwabonwa nakwezinye i-dementias, nangona singaziwa isizathu sokubonakala kwazo.

Uninzi lweentlobo zezifo ze-neurodegenerative

Kukho inani elikhulu lezifo kunye nokuphazamiseka okunokubangela ukonakala kunye nokufa okulandelayo kwee-neurons kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. I-Dementias kunye nezifo ze-neuromuscular zihlala ziyaziwa kakhulu kwaye zihlala ziqhelekileyo. Apha ngezantsi sinokubona eminye imizekelo yezifo zixhaphakileyo ze-neurodegenerative.

1. Isifo se-Alzheimer

Esinye sezifo ezaziwayo ze-neurodeergenerative sisifo se-Alzheimer's, mhlawumbi eyona ngxaki iphambili kwaye ixhaphakileyo yolu hlobo. Esi sifo, esiqala kwi-lobes ye-temporoparietal kwaye kamva sisasazeka kuyo yonke ingqondo, asikho isizathu esaziwayo. Ivelisa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo Ukuphulukana okuqhubekayo kwamandla okuqonda, inkumbulo yenye yezona zinto zichaphazelekayo kunye ne-aphasic-apraxo-agnosic syndrome ebonakala apho amandla okuthetha, ukulandelelana kunye nokwenza iintshukumo ezinzima kunye nokwamkelwa kulahlekile kwizinto ezinje ngobuso.

2. Isifo sikaParkinson

I-Parkinson yenye yezona zifo ziyaziwayo kunye nezifo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo. Kuyo , Ukonakala okuqhubela phambili kwee-neurons ze-substantia nigra kunye nenkqubo ye-nigrostriatal eyenzekayo, echaphazela ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-dopamine kule ndlela. Ezona mpawu zibonakalayo zezo zohlobo lweemoto, ukucotha, ukuphazamiseka, kwaye mhlawumbi olona phawu lwaziwayo: ukungcangcazela kweparkinsonia kwiindawo zokuphumla.

Inokuphelisa ukuvelisa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, apho, ukongeza kwezi mpawu zingasentla, ukuguquka komzimba, ukulahleka kwembonakalo yobuso, ukucothisa kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwememori kunye nolunye uguquko kunokujongwa.

3. Multiple Sclerosis

Isifo esinganyangekiyo nesinganyangekiyo okwangoku esiveliswa kukuchithwa kwengqondo okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ngenxa ukusabela kwamajoni omzimba ngokuchasene ne-myelin egubungela ii-neurons. Kwenzeka ngohlobo lokuqhambuka phakathi apho kunokubakho inqanaba elithile lokuphola, njengoko umzimba uzama ukulungisa ilahleko ye-myelin (nangona entsha iya kuba nencipha kwaye ingasebenzi). Ukukhathala, ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukungabikho kokulungelelanisa, iingxaki ezibonakalayo kunye nentlungu Ngaba zezinye zeengxaki ezibangelayo, zihlala ziqhubela phambili ngamandla ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ayithathwa njengeyabulala kwaye ayinampembelelo intle kulindelo lobomi.

4. I-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis sesinye sezifo ezixhaphakileyo ze-neuromuscular, sisinye sezifo ze-neurodegenerative ezinxulunyaniswa notshintsho kunye nokusweleka kwee-motor neurons. Njengoko i-neurodegeneration iqhubeka, i-atrophy yemisipha de kube intshukumo yabo yokuzithandela ingenakwenzeka. Ixesha elingaphezulu linokuchaphazela umsipha wokuphefumla, Esinye sezizathu kukuba ixesha lokuphila kwabo banengxaki kulo lincitshisiwe (nangona kukho iimeko ezinje ngoStephen Hawking).

5. I-chorea yaseHuntington

Isifo esaziwa ngokuba yi-Huntington's chorea sithi Esinye sezifo ezaziwayo ze-neurodegenerative zemvelaphi yemfuza. Isifo esasasazeka ngofuzo sidluliswa ngendlela ebalaseleyo ye-autosomal, sibonakaliswa bubukho botshintsho lweemoto, ezinje nge-choreas okanye iintshukumo eziveliswa kukungazibandakanyi kwezihlunu, ukufuduswa kwayo kufane ngokungathi ngumdaniso. Ukongeza kwiimpawu zeemoto, njengoko esi sifo siqhubeka, utshintsho lubonakala kwimisebenzi yolawulo, kwimemori, kwintetho nkqu nakubuntu.

Ubukho bezilonda ezibalulekileyo zobuchopho ziyajongwa kuyo yonke inkqubela phambili yayo, ngakumbi kwi-basal ganglia. Ihlala inesifo esingalunganga, kunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokuphila kwabo banengxaki kwaye iququzelele ubukho besifo sentliziyo kunye nokuphefumla.

6. I-ataxia kaFriedreich

Isifo esivela kwilifa esiguqula inkqubo yeemvakalelo ngokubandakanyeka kwee-neurons kwintambo yomqolo kunye neentsholongwane ezilawula iziphelo. Ubunzima obubonakalayo kukulungelelanisa iintshukumo, ubuthathaka bemisipha, ubunzima bokuthetha nokuhamba, kunye nengxaki yokuhamba kwamehlo. Ukuqhubeka kwesi sifo kuhlala kwenza ukuba abo bachaphazelekayo bafune uncedo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezitulo ezinamavili. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo kuhamba neengxaki zentliziyo.

Unyango lwezifo ezingenayo imithambo-luvo

Uninzi lwezifo ze-neurodeergenerative azinyangeki namhlanje (nangona kukho okwahlukileyo, kuba kwezinye kubangelwa zizifo intsholongwane inokuthi isuswe). Nangona kunjalo, lukhona unyango olujolise ekucothiseni ukuqhubela phambili kwezi zifo kunye nokwandisa ukuzimela nokusebenza kwesigulana. Kuxhomekeke kwimeko ethile, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye nonyango zinokusetyenziswa ezinokuthi zinciphise iimpawu zokuphazamiseka okanye amayeza ahlukeneyo enza ukuba isifundo sisebenze.

Kwindawo yokuqala, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ukuxilongwa okufanayo kuya kuba sisibetho esinzima kwisigulana, kuvelise ixesha elinokubakho losizi kunye neengxaki eziguqukayo ezivela kulo. Ukuxhalaba kunye nokudakumba kunokwenzeka ukuba kuvele, kwaye nokuba nobunzima okanye uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo kuxhomekeke kwimeko. Kule meko, ukusetyenziswa kwengqondo kunyango kunokuba yimfuneko, Ukulungelelanisa isicwangciso kwimeko nganye. Kwaye ayisiyiyo kuphela imeko yesigulana, kodwa abanonopheli banakho ukufumana ezi ntlobo zeengxaki kwaye zifuna ukhathalelo lobungcali.

Ukufundiswa kwengqondo kwisigulana kunye nokusingqongileyo ngokubhekiselele kwesi sifo kunye neziphumo zaso kubalulekile, kunceda ukunciphisa izinga lokungaqiniseki abanokuthi babe nalo kunye nokubonelela ngeendlela zokuziqhelanisa nezicwangciso.

Ukusetyenziswa kohlaziyo lwe-neuropsychologicalUnyango olusebenzayo, unyango lomzimba kunye nonyango lokuthetha luqhelekile njengenxalenye yesicwangciso seendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyusa nokwandisa umgangatho wobomi, urhulumente, amandla nokuzimela kwesigulana. Kananjalo ihlala iphela ifuna ukusetyenziswa koncedo lwangaphandle olunokuthi lusetyenziswe njengembuyekezo okanye ukutshintshwa kwezakhono ezilahlekileyo ezinje ngemifanekiso, ii-ajenda (into elula njengale inokuba luncedo olukhulu kubantu abanememori kunye neengxaki zokucwangcisa umzekelo), izinto zokuncedisa okanye iindlela zokuhamba ezinje ngezihlalo ezinamavili.

Iingqinisiso zeBhayibhile