Iinjana kunye neentliziyo ezaphukileyo
Yiphakeji entle eqinileyo- luhlobo lokubhalwa kwesayensi kuphela olwenza ukuba kube nakho Psychology Namhlanje iposti yebhlog. Ingxaki kuphela kukuba ibali lincinci kakhulu ukuba liyinyani. Makhe sihlolisise amabango.
Ibango 1. “Ukuba nenja kungakusindisa kwisifo sentliziyo.”
Umzi mveliso weemveliso zezilwanyana ezixabisa i-50 zeedola ufuna ukuba ukholelwe ukuba ukudlala nenja okanye ikati kuya kuthintela uxinzelelo, kunyange i-autism, kwaye kubangele ukuba unciphise umzimba. Ngelishwa, ubungqina bala mabango abunamandla kangako njengokuba "imveliso yezilwanyana zasekhaya" ungakholelwa.
Thatha, umzekelo, ingxelo kwi-PreFrontal Nudity ethi "ukuba nenja kungakusindisa kwisifo sentliziyo." Eli bango lisekwe kwiziphumo zesifundo esigqwesileyo sika-1995 (apha) ngumhlobo wam u-Erika Friedmann (umongameli we-International Society ye-Anthrozoology). U-Erika kunye nogxa wakhe uSue Thomas bavavanye amaxabiso okusinda kunyaka omnye wamaxhoba angama-369 okuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, isinye kwisithathu sabo bangabanini bezilwanyana. Iqondo lokufa lilonke laliphezulu kubanini bezilwanyana ezingezizo ezasekhaya kunabanini bezilwanyana (iipesenti ezi-6.1 xa kuthelekiswa neepesenti ezi-3.7). Umahluko kumanqanaba okusinda kwabanini bezinja ayenomdla kwaye "ngokwezibalo zibalulekile" (Oko kukuthi, akunakulindeleka ukuba kubangelwe lithuba). Kuphela liipesenti ezi-1 zabanini bezinja abaswelekileyo kungaphelanga nonyaka emva kokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo ngokuchasene neepesenti ezisixhenxe zabanini bezinja. Kwakukho nefuthe elibalulekileyo lobunini bekati- kodwa kwicala elahlukileyo. Isifundo senziwe kakuhle kwaye nohlalutyo lufanelekile. Ke, ngaba singagqiba kwelokuba abanini bezinja kunokwenzeka ukuba baphinde bahlaselwe sisifo sentliziyo? Mhlawumbi hayi ...
Hayi Ngokukhawuleza!
Ngoku phambili phambili ku-2010 xa isifundo sase-Australia malunga neziphumo zokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo eza nemodeli eyahlukileyo yeziphumo (apha). Olu phononongo lubandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-424, isiqingatha sabo babengabanini bezilwanyana zasekhaya. Uyilo lwale projekthi lwalufana kakhulu nolukaErika. Umahluko ophambili kukuba abaphandi base-Australia badibanise inani lezifundo eziswelekileyo kunye nenani elibuyiselwe esibhedlele ngenxa yokuba benesiqendu sesibini sentliziyo.
Ukudaka amanzi nangaphezulu, iqela labaphandi abavela kwiDyunivesithi yaseMinnesota basebenzise iseti yedatha enkulu yesifo (N = 4,435) ukujonga iimpembelelo zobunini bezilwanyana ekufeni ngenxa yeengxaki zentliziyo (apha). Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izifundo ezibini, abafumananga ziphumo ngoku ubunini bezilwanyana ekufeni. Nangona kunjalo abantu ababeneekati mandulo unamazinga okufa asezantsi kakhulu.
Zonke ezi zifundo zintathu zenziwe kakuhle - kodwa zifike kwizigqibo ezintathu ezahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo malunga nefuthe lezinja neekati kwimpilo yomntu (Isifundo 1 - izinja zilungile kodwa iikati azilunganga; Isifundo 3 - akukho siphumo sezinja kodwa iikati zilungile). Ndibhidekile.
Ibango 2. I-Oxytocin yiglue ye-biochemical.
Oku kundizisa kwibango lesibini le-PreFrontal Nudity- ukuba indlela esetyenziswayo emva kokucingelwa (nangona ingenabungqina) iziphumo eziluncedo zezilwanyana zasekhaya kwintliziyo yomntu yhormone yothando.
Ikhonkco phakathi kwe-oxytocin kunye nokubopha izilwanyana zabantu kwenziwa okokuqala ngabaphandi ababini base Mzantsi Afrika (apha). Baqhuba isifundo sodidi "ngaphambi nasemva" apho amadoda asi-8 kunye nabasetyhini abali-10 baphulula izinja. Iisampulu zegazi zatsalwa kwizifundo zomntu nezilwanyana kanye phambi kweeseshoni zokuthambisa nangoko emva koko. Iziphumo zazichukumisa. Emva kokubamba izinja, amanqanaba e-oxetocin yezifundo anyuka.
Kwakukho, nangona kunjalo, iingxaki ezininzi ezazisongela kwisigqibo sokuba i-oxytocin yiglue ebethelela ukubophelela izilwanyana kunye nabantu. Okokuqala, kukho ubungakanani besampulu encinci. Okwesibini, ngelixa bekukho utshintsho kumanqanaba e-oxytocin, bekukho iipikisi kuzo zontandathu ii-neurochemicals ezilinganiswe ngabaphandi- kubandakanya iprolactin, i-endorphins, kunye ne-dopamine. Ngubani oza kuthi i-oxytocin yayiyeyona hormone ibalulekileyo, kunokuba, yithi, dopamine okanye i-endorphin-neurotransmitters ekwayanyaniswa nolonwabo kunye nomvuzo? Okwesithathu, utshintsho kumanqanaba eehomoni kunokuba sisiphumo sokuphola kuxinzelelo lwethutyana ekubeni inaliti enkulu ibhajwe emthanjeni engalweni yakho. Ewe kunjalo, iipateni ezifanayo zotshintsho lwebhayiloji zafunyanwa xa izifundo zithe cwaka ngokufunda incwadi kunokuba zinxibelelane nenja. Ke ngelixa olu phando lunomdla, aluzange lubonakalise ukuba i-oxytocin yinkcazo ye-biochemical yothando lwesilwanyana.
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba abanye abaphandi baphindaphinde isifundo phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwa ngakumbi. Iindaba ezimbi zezokuba iziphumo bezingahambelani. Olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba amanqanaba e-oxytocin andile kwabasetyhini abaphethe izinja kodwa ukuba behlile emadodeni (apha). Omnye uxele ukuba isiphumo se-oxytocin senzeka kuphela kubantu izinja zabo ezibajongileyo (apha). Kwaye elinye iqela labaphandi alifumananga kunyuka kwe-oxytocin phakathi kwabantu abanxibelelana nezilwanyana zasekhaya. (Uphononongo lokugqibela aluzange lupapashwe.)
Ngoku ndibhideke nangakumbi.
Izilwanyana zasekhaya, impilo kunye nokuphindaphinda ingxaki
Inyani yile yokuba uphononongo oluninzi lweziphumo ezilungileyo zezilwanyana kubantu aludlulisi kuvavanyo lokuphindaphinda. Ngapha koko, ababhali bezenzululwazi ze-pop (endingomnye wabo) bahlala benetyala lokugubungela kuphela izinto ezilungileyo xa kuziwa kwizilwanyana kubomi bethu. Umzekelo, iingxelo zamaphephandaba zesifundo saseMinnesota zixele kuphela ukuba abanini bekati banamazinga asezantsi okusweleka. Bakutyeshele ukukhankanya ukuba abanini bezinja kwanabanini beekati abakhoyo babengengcono kunabantu abangenazilwanyana zasekhaya.
Ke unokufuna ukumba nzulu kancinci kwixesha elizayo xa ufunda ukuba ukudlala nge-poodle akuyi kuvala imithambo yakho kwaye kuphilise intliziyo eyaphukileyo.
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UHal Herzog ngumbhali we Abanye Sibathandayo, Abanye Sibathiyile, Abanye Siyatya: Kutheni Kunzima Kangaka Ukucinga Ngokuchanekileyo Ngezilwanyana. (Ukufumana ezinye izithuba kwisayikholoji yobudlelwane bezilwanyana zasekhaya jonga apha, apha, kwaye apha.)
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