I-Sharpshooter engaphantsi kwamanzi
Umxholo
- Amanqaku aphambili
- Ukhafula uthathe
- Uncedo oluncinci kwimiphetho yam
- I-bevy yohlengahlengiso lokuziphatha
Amanqaku aphambili
- I-Archerfish ichitha iijets zamanzi ukukhupha izinambuzane kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezincinci ezivela kumasebe ngaphezulu kwamanzi.
- Ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza okukhawulezileyo kudityaniswe ngokuqinileyo kunye nokudubula, ngakumbi ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwemiphetho yepectoral.
- Ezi ntshukumo zinexesha elifanelekileyo ziyafuneka ukuzinzisa umtoli ukuba angaphinde abuye ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwejethi yamanzi.
- IArcherfish ineendlela ezininzi zokuziphatha ezibenza bakwazi ukuzingela amaxhoba asemhlabeni.
UStefan Schuster, unjingalwazi wezomzimba wezilwanyana kwiYunivesithi yaseBayreuth eJamani, uchithe ixesha elininzi kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini edlulileyo engena kwizakhono ezingaqhelekanga ze-archerfish. Ezi ntlanzi zincinci, ezalelwa kumachweba anemithi yemangrove yoMzantsi-mpuma weAsia nase-Australia, aziwa ngokuziphatha ngendlela eyodwa: indlela yabo ekhethekileyo yokuzingela amaxhoba asemhlabeni.
I-Archerfish itshiza iijetshi zamanzi ukukhupha izinambuzane kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezincinci ezihleli kumasetyana okanye amagqabi ngaphezulu komphezulu wamanzi. Iintlanzi zizibetho ezichanekileyo ngokumangalisayo, ezikwaziyo ukuthoba ixhoba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3 m (10 ft) ngaphezulu komphezulu wamanzi. (Jonga ividiyo malunga nokuziphatha apha.)
Kwaye ngokuka-Schuster kunye nabanye abasebenza nabo, i-archerfish iyakuvuyela ukudubula ngayo nantoni na.
"Unokubaqeqesha ukuba badubule izinto ezingezizo eziwela emanzini kwaye ubavuze ngenye into," utshilo. “Oku kwenza ukuba kwenziwe amalinge amaninzi malunga nokuziphatha kokudubula. Kwaye wonke umntu kwilebhu unoluvo lokuba kumnandi kubo ukuba negalelo kolu lingelo! ”
Ukhafula uthathe
Kwisifundo, kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, uSchuster kunye nogxa wakhe uPeggy Gerullis baqeqesha i-archerfish ukudubula iijets zabo zamanzi kwiindawo ezimiselweyo kwiitanki zabo. Bafumanise ukuba iintlanzi zivula zize zivale imilomo yazo ukuze ngobuqili zilungelelanise imilo nesantya sejethi zazo, kuxhomekeka kumgama ekujoliswe kuwo.
Ngexesha lohlalutyo lweevidiyo ezikhawulezayo zeentlanzi ezimbini eziqeqeshiweyo, abaphandi baqaphela into engaqhelekanga. I-archerfish ibimile xa ikhupha iijets zayo. Kodwa kanye phambi kokuba iintlanzi zidubule, baqala ukushenxisa amaphiko abo e-pectoral kwicala elingaphambili. Ezi ntshukumo zibonakala zinxibelelene nokudubula.
Ke uSchuster noGerullis baphinde bahlalutya iividiyo zabo, ngeli xesha ngamehlo abo kwimiphetho. Baye bafikelela nakumnye umphengululi we-archerfish uCaroline Reinel, owayejonga iintshukumo zokugqibela kwiividiyo ezivela kuvavanyo lokudubula nge-archerfish ngokukhululekileyo. Wafumanisa ukuba intshukumo yokugqibela yayilungelelaniswe ngokuqinileyo nayo yonke i-archerfish.
USchuster uthi: "Sonke safumanisa ukuba iyintlanzi nganye yayisenza la maphiko ngokukhawuleza," "Sicinga ukuba ibiyinto ebalulekileyo kwaye ibikade ingakhathalelwanga ngaphambili."
Uncedo oluncinci kwimiphetho yam
Kwiphepha elipapashwe kwi- Ijenali yeBhayiloji yovavanyo , Schuster, Gerullis, no Reinel bachaza ezi zinto zihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibonisa ukuba zihambelana nokudubula.
Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba, kancinci phambi kokudutyulwa ngakunye, xa intlanzi imi, imiphetho yayo yemiphunga iyaqala ukubhabha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuqala kunye nexesha lokuhamba phambili kokuphambuka kubonakala ngathi kuxhomekeke kubude bethagethi.
U-Schuster kunye noogxa bakhe bathi intshukumo yokugqibela inokudlala indima kubuchule be-archerfish bokucima iijets zamanzi ezinamandla, ezikude. Ixesha leendlela zokugqibela ezinxulumene nemikhosi yokulindela evela kwijet zibonisa ukuba ziyafuneka ukugcina iintlanzi zokudubula zizinzile.
USchuster uthi: “Le yenye yezinto ezibangela ukuba iarcherfish inike umdla. “Mhlawumbi zizakhono zabo ezenza ezi ntlanzi zikhetheke kangaka.”
I-bevy yohlengahlengiso lokuziphatha
Kwindalo, ii-archerfish zingqongwe ngabakhuphiswano abaninzi. Ukuba enye i-archerfish iyaphumelela ukukhupha ixhoba elisemhlabeni, kwaye iwele emanzini, umtoli kufuneka enze izigqibo ezikhawulezileyo nezichanekileyo zokufika phambi kwayo nayiphi na enye intlanzi.
USchuster uthi: “Ukuba yonke into ekuthiwa yi-archerfish ibingayenza ixhoba, beliya kulahleka.” Ezinye iintlanzi, ezinye zixhotyiswe ngcono ukufumanisa amaza omphezulu wamanzi, zinokubetha umqhubi kwindawo apho liwele khona.
Ngokuka-Schuster, yonke into ebanjiswa nge-archerfish ifuna uthotho lwezibalo ezintsonkothileyo: Ayisiyiyo kuphela ukuba iintlanzi kufuneka zijolise kwiijets zazo zamanzi ngelixa zihlawulela ukukhutshwa kunye nomgama, kodwa kuya kufuneka zichonge ngqo ukuba ixhoba lazo liza kufika phi kwaye lifike kuqala.
U-Schuster uphanda ezi zigqibo ezikhawulezayo kwi-archerfish kwaye ufumanise ukuba, ngokujonga ukubonwa kokuhamba kwexhoba eliwayo, intlanzi iyakhawulezisa ukuyijika ijonge apho ixhoba liya kuthi lifike khona kwaye libanike isantya sokufika ngaxeshanye ixhoba.
“Oku kuthetha ukuba nje ukuba into iqale ukuwa, iintlanzi sele zisendleleni kwaye zifike kwindawo efanelekileyo phambi kokuba ezinye iintlanzi ziqaphele nokuba kukho into eyenzekileyo,” utshilo uSchuster. "Kwaye bayasithatha isigqibo kungekudala, zanele nje i-40 ms."
Ngaphandle kwezi zinto zisandula ukufunyanwa, uSchuster uthi ulwazi lwethu lwe-archerfish lusemncinci.
"Kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, i-archerfish ibisoloko iyamangalisa," utshilo.
“Kukho ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ekufuneka zikwazi ukwenza izinto ezimangalisayo ukuze ziphile. Ukuba ujonga kufutshane, uya kuhlala ufumana ezinye. ”
Isabelo
Sukuvumela "Ukuqhubela phambili" kukusete ubuyele kubudlelwane bakho
