I-Psychology ikunika iingcebiso ezi-6 ukuze ubhale ngcono

Umxholo

• Ingcali yezengqondo uSteven Pinker ucacisa izitshixo ekubhaleni ngokugqwesileyo.
• Ukubhala kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo, okuninzi ngokufanayo
• USteven Pinker usizisela izitshixo zengqondo ekubhaleni ngcono
• Iingcebiso ezi-6 zengqondo zababhali
• 1. Zibeke ezihlangwini (nasengqondweni) yomfundi
• 2. Sebenzisa isitayile esithe ngqo, enemifanekiso kunye neencoko
• 3. Beka umfundi kwimeko
• 4.Ukuyila (kodwa ukuqonda) xa kufikwa ekulandeleni imigaqo
• 5. Ungaze uyeke ukufunda
• 6. Ukuphonononga izicatshulwa ngocoselelo nangomonde
• Ingcinga yokugqibela

Ingcali yezengqondo uSteven Pinker ucacisa izitshixo ekubhaleni ngokugqwesileyo.

Ukufunda yenye yezinto ezilungileyo zobomi, Akukho mathandabuzo.Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo siye sajonga indawo esikuyo kunye neencwadi ezingama-50 ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzifunde kwakanye ebomini bakho, kwaye namhlanje sibuyela kokunye, nangona usuka kwenye indawo.

Ukubhala kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo, okuninzi ngokufanayo

Sihlala sinxibelelana namagama abhaliweyo; ziyinxalenye yobomi bethu kunye nelifa lethu lenkcubeko. Sonke siye saziva ngamanye amaxesha isidingo sokubhala iingcinga zethu okanye amabali ethu, kwaye kukuba ukubhala kunokuba lunyango.

Sisenokungabi ziincutshe zoncwadi ezifana UGabriel García Márquez okanye UWilliam Shakespeare, kodwa ibango lepeni kunye nephepha (okanye ikhibhodi yabemi bedijithali) ihlala iziswa kuthi. Nangona kunjalo, ukubeka ephepheni izimvo kunye nokubonakaliswa okuhamba ezingqondweni zethu kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima, kwaye ukuba akunjalo, buza ababhali kunye "nesifo sephepha elimhlophe" esoyikekayo.

USteven Pinker usizisela izitshixo zengqondo ekubhaleni ngcono

Enye yeengcali zengqondo ezaziwayo namhlanje, uSteven Pinker, ingcali yeelwimi kunye nengqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard, uneempendulo zokuba asincede siqhubele phambili xa kufikwa kubugcisa bokubhala.

Kwincwadi yakhe ethi The Sense of Style: Isikhokelo saMntu oCinga ukuBhala ngeNkulungwane yama-21 ( Imvakalelo yeSimbo: khokela umcinga ukuba abhale kwinkulungwane ye-XXI ), epapashwe ngo-2014, UPinker usicebisa kwaye usinike isikhokelo esibanzi sabo sifuna ukubaphucula njengababhali.

Ukongeza, iingcebiso kunye neemfundiso zakhe zisekwe kubuninzi bophando lwenzululwazi kwicandelo le-neuroscience kunye nengqondo yokusebenza kwengqondo: uphonononge iziphumo kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwengqondo yethu kwaye isifundisa ukuphucula ubuchule bethu bokubhala. Umbhali ucebisa uthotho lweendlela kunye nezicwangciso ezijolise ekuqondeni ukuba iingqondo zethu zisebenza njani ukuze sazi indlela yokufumana okuninzi koku, kule meko ukuze sibe nobuchule ngakumbi kwaye sisebenze kakuhle xa sibhala.

Iingcebiso ezi-6 zengqondo zababhali

Apha ngezantsi sishwankathele amanqaku amathandathu ezisekwe kwiimfundiso zikaSteven Pinker. Ukuba ufuna ukuba ngumbhali kwaye uphucule amabali akho, oku kunokukunceda.

1. Zibeke ezihlangwini (nasengqondweni) yomfundi

Abafundi abayazi into oyaziyo. Oku kubonakala njengenqaku elicacileyo, kodwa alicaci kangako. Ukuba kukho abantu abangakuqondiyo kakuhle into ozama ukuyidlulisela kubo ngeetekisi zakho, ingxaki ayingowabo, koko yeyakho. Uxolo.

Isizathu seengqondo sokungaphumeleli ukubhala kukuba ingqondo yethu ihlala ithatha ulwazi oluninzi, idatha kunye neempikiswano ngenxa yokuba sele ubazi, kodwa ngaba abafundi bakho bayazazi nawe? Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo, kwaye le yingxaki rhoqo ekufuneka kujongwane nayo, ngokugxeka kunye nokubonisa.

USteven Pinker ubiza le mpazamo ngokuthi "sisiqalekiso solwazi," kwaye kunjalo ukungakwazi kwababhali abaninzi ukuqonda ukuba abanye abazi ukuba bazi ntoni na. Oku kukhokelela kwizicatshulwa ezingacacanga, apho izinto zithathwa ngokungakhathali ezilahlekisa umfundi. Kwincwadi yakhe, uPinker uthi eyona ndlela yokuphepha ukuwela kule mpazamo (ethi yona ibe yenye yezona zixhaphakileyo ngokwabahleli) kukuthumela uyilo lwesicatshulwa emntwini ngaphandle kolwazi oluthile, umbuze ukuba Uqonda yonke into, okanye hayi.

2. Sebenzisa isitayile esithe ngqo, enemifanekiso kunye neencoko

Ingqondo yokusebenza kwengqondo ayidinwa kukuyiphinda loo nto ngaphezulu kwe-30% yengqondo yethu inemisebenzi enxulumene nombono. UPinker ukwabonisa ukuba buninzi ubungqina bobunzululwazi obubonisa ukuba abafundi bayayiqonda kwaye bayakwazi ukukhumbula izinto ezingaphezulu zesicatshulwa ezinento yokwenza nolwimi oluveza imifanekiso.

Ukongeza, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa isimbo sokuncokola kunye nokukhulelwa komfundi njengomntu owaziwayo: oku kuya kubenza bazive beyinxalenye yebali kunye nehlabathi elingaphakathi lombhali. Nangona kunjalo, uPinker uyatsho, ukubhala ngesimbo esijolise ekugxininiseni umfundi kufezekisa iziphumo ezichaseneyo, kwaye umfundi unokuziva ekhathazekile kwaye aqaphele umgama omde kuleyo umbhali afuna ukuyidlulisa.

Ngapha koko, uphando lufumene ukuba abafundi abaninzi beekholeji basebenzise ngabom isigama esintsokothileyo ukuze babonakale bekrelekrele. Ngapha koko, ezona tekisi zilula kwinqanaba lexical zangqinelana nababhali bezobukrelekrele obuphezulu.

Icebo lokufumana imvisiswano elungileyo phakathi komfundi kunye nombhali, ngokukaPinker, kukuba njengombhali cinga ukuba uzifumana uncokola nomntu okwinqanaba elifanayo lenkcubeko nelakho, kodwa ngubani onolwazi oluncinci kunawe intsimi malunga nale uthetha ngayo. Ngale ndlela unokukhokela umfundi kwaye umenze afumanise ezinye zezinto osele uzazi kodwa okwangoku.

3. Beka umfundi kwimeko

Kuya kufuneka ucacisele umfundi ukuba yintoni injongo yesicatshulwa, kutheni ubaxelela into, baya kufunda ntoni kuyo. Uphando luxele ukuba abafundi abawaziyo umxholo kwasekuqaleni kokufunda banakho ukusiqonda ngcono isicatshulwa.

UPinker ngokwakhe uyaligxininisa eli nqaku, eqonda ukuba abafundi kufuneka bayazi imvelaphi ukuze bakwazi ukufunda phakathi kwemigca kwaye badibanise zonke iikhonsepthi kunye neengxoxo ngendlela enomdla ngakumbi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umfundi ubekwe kwisicatshulwa kulwazi lwakhe lwangaphambili, kwaye loo nto imnceda ukuba aqonde ngcono oko akufundayo. Ngapha koko, ukuba akukho kubhekiswa kumxholo, umfundi uya kuba nakho ukuqonda ngokwaneleyo imigca ephambi kwakhe, iya kuba kukufundwa nje.

Ingcebiso icacile: njengababhali kufuneka simfumane umfundi, simbonise ukuba yintoni umxholo wesicatshulwa kwaye sifuna ukucacisa ntoni. Nangona abanye ababhali benqaba ukwenza oku ngokususa ukungathandabuzeki kunye nemfihlakalo kwisicatshulwa, inyani kukuba kubonakala kufanelekile ngakumbi ukoyisa umfundi ukusuka kumzuzu wokuqala kwaye babenze bagcine umdla wabo kunye nomdla kulo lonke ixesha lokufunda kunokuba bangathembi ukuba, Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukwenza umxholo, uya kuba nakho ukugqiba umhlathi wokuqala.

4.Ukuyila (kodwa ukuqonda) xa kufikwa ekulandeleni imigaqo

Ngale nto asithethi ukuba akufuneki ukuba sihloniphe imigaqo yopelo kunye negrama, kodwa xa sibhala kufuneka sishiye nendawo ethile yoyilo kunye nokuphucula. Isichazi-magama asiyoncwadi engcwele, utshilo uPinker. Ngaphezu: abahleli besichazi-magama baphetheyo ekubambeni iintsingiselo nokusetyenziswa kwamagama athile kuhlelo ngalunye, kwaye oku kufezekiswa kuphela ngokunxibelelana noluntu, eyinjini enika intsingiselo kulwimi.

Kanjalo: Kuya kufuneka uyazi imigaqo ngokufanelekileyo ukuze ukwazi ukuyaphula amaxesha ngamaxesha kunye nedosi elungileyo yokuyila. Ukuyila, ewe, kufuneka kube luphawu lomgangatho, hayi ithuba lokubonisa ukuba besifuna "ukuba nobukrelekrele". Ukuba awuyazi kakuhle imithetho yokubhala yolwimi, kungcono ukuba ungazami ukuphinda ulibuyisele ivili kwaye unamathele kwimigaqo ethile kwiitekisi zakho. Kuya kubakho ixesha lokuyila izinto ezintsha, kamva.

5. Ungaze uyeke ukufunda

Oku nezinye izikhokelo zokubhala zinomdla kwaye zizixhobo ezixabisekileyo, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuphucula njengombhali, kuya kufuneka ufunde kakhulu, imihla ngemihla.

Umbono kaPinker ucace gca: ukuze ube ngumbhali okumgangatho ophezulu, umntu kufuneka azibhaptize kwiincwadi kunye neetekisi ezahlukeneyo, ezama ukufunda iilwimi ezintsha, izixhobo zoncwadi, amagama amatsha kunye namabinzana anokukhula kuwo njengomcinga kwaye, ngenxa yoko Umbhali.

Yinto elula: qhubeka ufunda kwaye uphanda sesinye sezitshixo sokwandisa ii-horizons zakho zengqondo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, zizakhono zakho zokubhala.

6. Ukuphonononga izicatshulwa ngocoselelo nangomonde

Ukuba ngumbhali obalaseleyo, akukhuthazwa ukuba uzame ukubhala izicatshulwa ezinkulu okokuqala, ngokuchasene newotshi. Ngapha koko, obu bubuchule bambalwa, bambalwa kakhulu, master. Ngokwenyani, yiyo Kungcono kakhulu ukuba uchitha ixesha elininzi kunye nenyameko yokujonga kwakhona nokwakha kwakhona iitekisi zakho.

USteven Pinker ukholelwa ukuba uhlaziyo lolunye lwezitshixo kubabhali abalungileyo. Bambalwa kakhulu ababhali abazifunayo ngokwaneleyo ukuba babambe amagama ngqo achaza eyona nto bafuna ukuyidlulisa. Okungaphantsi kuninzi. Oku kufezekiswa ngokwazi ukwazi ukuphonononga nokucokisa umhlathi ngamnye, isivakalisi ngasinye. Xa sibhala, kufuneka siphonononge kwaye sihlengahlengise ukwenza umyalezo ucace kwaye sifikelele kumfundi ngokufanelekileyo, utshilo uPinker.

Ingcinga yokugqibela

Ukukwazi ukunxibelelana ngeetekisi kunye neencwadi yinto enokufundwa. Kufuneka siziqhelanise kwaye siqale italente yethu.

Obu buchule kunye neendlela zokuphucula ukubhala uSteven Pinker asinike zona zinokusinceda ukuba sibe novelwano ngabafundi bethu kwaye sifumane umyalezo wethu ngeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo. Bhala!